Character Building And Our Cell Phones While Eating

Character Building Parents are often the first models and teachers of character their children interact with. Even before children are able to talk and walk, their subconscious is collecting data from their external environments. Character building can be challenging especially in a technology driven culturally diverse climate we live in. I can recall establishing a norm with my niece to not interact with our cell phones while eating in public because we want to give our full attention to each other or the company we are with. This norm is easier said than done when it is tempting to document our experience by taking multiple pictures of different posed angles followed by a social share on Instagram or Snapchat. Once we deviate from the†¦show more content†¦Unlike most of her friends during Christmas break who were fixated on what they were going to find under the Christmas tree, my niece was fixated on raising funds to support the efforts of the International Justice Missio n to help end modern day slavery. This level of service-oriented, compassion driven character in her required me providing her with opportunities and support to serve her community through various endeavors she is passionate about. Often times parents become fixated on reprimanding the negative behaviors their children exhibit instead of noticing, praising and further, reinforcing the positive behaviors they practiced. For example, I may get heated when I discover my niece has performed a certain behavior I condone; however, there have been times when she has done a positive behavior and it goes undetected because it did not require me reprimanding her. She has had to bring it to my attention at times that I have overlooked something positive that she has done. When this happens, I apologize for my oversight and praise her for exemplifying positive characteristics independently. As I reflect on this experience, it is essential for parents to take notice and invest more time in posit ive character building and reinforcement as a preventive to negative behaviors. When children feel seen and appreciated, they are more likely to engage in favorable behaviors that invoke theShow MoreRelatedThe Lack of Privacy over the Internet1375 Words   |  5 Pagesdeveloped, to be able to collect our personal usage date, or store out personal data, it is almost impossible to own anything technology based, that does not tract something of some sort. The main focus of technology development, is convenience. Which is resulting in our personal privacy to be at stake. Privacy will become a thing of the past in due time. By cameras being installed everywhere and devices being equipped with data collection capabilities without our prior consent or choice, socialRead MoreThe Relationship between The Use of Technological Communication and Social Skills in College Students 1793 Words   |  7 Pagesstrongly correlated with poor social skills, while a greater constraint of technology in college students correlated with high social skills in college. Introduction Does becoming more familiar with technological communication use make one socially awkward? Today’s generation has been brought up with technology, meaning there are different ways people can communicate. One could have as many as ten different conversations with people just by using our hands, tapping on keyboards and on screensRead MoreThe Effects Of Video Games On Children2629 Words   |  11 Pageson your mobile phone in a coffee shop or ringing up an order on a tablet, it seems like nothing is truly impossible. One of the biggest media applications of technology are video games. While this is a phenomenal humankind progression, this is also transforming the perception of normality to children. While limiting the recommended amount of time a child is attached to a video game, one can begin to understand how this form can further develop our children. From confidence building to creativity,Read MoreNokia Marketing Plan5305 Words   |  22 Pages1.Executive Summ ary Nokia is one of the world’s largest cell phone companies who follow a particular customer driven marketing strategy, which can be considered as a model for other company. Nokia segmented the market of world according to their economic condition and then try to targeting as much as they can. Suppose, Nokia itself launch varieties models of mobiles at varieties prices and positioning itself as more for more, the same for less and less for much less. They also try to bring theirRead MoreHow Marketers Target Kids2415 Words   |  10 Pageswidespread public attention in 1999, when a group of U.S. mental health professionals issued a public letter to the American Psychological Association (APA) urging them to declare the practice unethical. The APA is currently studying the issue. Building brand name loyalty Canadian author Naomi Klein tracks the birth of brand marketing in her 2000 book No Logo. According to Klein, the mid-1980s saw the birth of a new kind of corporation—Nike, Calvin Klein, Tommy Hilfiger, to name a few—whichRead MoreStuden Brand Comparison Betwen Apple and Samsung14106 Words   |  57 Pagesdistribution of respondents ................................................. 41 ACKNOWLEDGMENT First, we would like to thank our supervisor, Carl Thunman, for his continuous support and guidance; he has made our work easier and more interesting. We are also thankful for our seminar colleagues for criticizing our work and exchanging constrictive discussions. Finally, we want to thank our beloved families, for helping and supporting us through the last months, without their love and understanding, we wouldn’tRead MoreKfc vs Nandos Marketing Strategy6628 Words   |  27 Pagesand Secondly, to stimulate directly and attract competitor’s customers and finally to establish or modify the business image. In other words, â€Å"advertisements are meant to inform, persuade, remind, influence, change opinions† (White, 1993) Shifting our attention to Kentucky Fried Chicken, we will begin by examining the one advertising strategy which has remained constant and persistent throughout the existence of the Kentucky Fried Chicken brand. â€Å"As early as 1978, Kentucky Fried Chicken advertisementsRead MoreDieting Makes People Fat Essay19490 Words   |  78 Pagesyears old. I went to my brothera in law in Mueng district, Kalasin province, for visiting them. I went by motorcycle. I had travel from home early morning. On the way, my mother called me that where am I arrive now? I had to stop and talk on the phone. Then I put my cellphone in my pocket to keep. Suddenly I knew that my wallet had lost. Although it doesnt have nothing important but it have some money around 140 baht because an important things I kept in my pocket and put it in my suitcase. WHATRead MoreStory: Employment and Job7055 Words   |  29 Pagesthis process, the employer hopes to determine whether or not the applicant is suitable for the role. TYPES OF JOB INTERVIEWS 1. Traditional one on one job interview 2. Panel Job Interview 3. Behavioural Job Interview 4. Group Job Interview 5. Phone Job Interview 6. Lunch Job Interview 1. Traditional one on one job interview This is the traditional one on one interview is where you’re interviewed by a company representative, most likely the manager of the position you are applying for.Read MoreThemes Of Development : Prenatal6705 Words   |  27 Pagesconception when the egg is fertilized by the sperm. Once the ovum is fertilized, the process of mitosis begins, allowing the cells to split and form the human being. Through this process, each parent contributes 23 chromosomes, which are present in every cell of our bodies, and are made up of DNA and genes (Broderick Blewitt, 2015). The genes that we inherit from our parents determine our physical features, such as hair and eye color, and height. Furthermore, the combination of various genes within the

Language and Gender Definitions and Discussions

Language and gender is an interdisciplinary field of research that studies varieties of speech (and, to a lesser extent, writing) in terms of gender, gender relations, gendered practices, and sexuality. In The Handbook of Language and Gender (2003), Janet Holmes and Miriam Meyerhoff discuss the shift that has occurred in the field since the early 1970s--a movement away from essentialist and dichotomous conceptions of gender to a differentiated, contextualized, and performative model which questions generalized claims about gender. What Are Language and Gender Studies? Regarding gender, extensive research on language, culture, and identity has sought to uncover the logic of the encoding of sex differences in languages, to analyze the oppressive implications of ordinary speech, to explain miscommunication between men and women, to explore how gender is constructed and interacts with other identities, and to investigate the role of language in helping establish gender identity [as] part of a broader range of processes through which membership in particular groups is activated, imposed, and sometimes contested through the use of linguistic forms . . . that activate stances ([Alessandro] Duranti 2009: 30-31). Other work explores how language is used to reproduce, naturalize, and contest gender ideologies, drawing from many disciplinary perspectives . . .. Critical discourse, narrative, metaphor, and rhetorical analysis have been used to examine other gendered dimensions of processes of meaning making, such as gender bias in cell biology (Beldecos et al . 1988) and factory farm industry language used to conceal violence (Glenn 2004).(Christine Mallinson and Tyler Kendall, Interdisciplinary Approaches. The Oxford Handbook of Sociolinguistics, ed. by Robert Bayley, Richard Cameron, and Ceil Lucas. Oxford University Press, 2013) Doing Gender We act out gender roles from a continuum of masculine and feminine characteristics; we are therefore gendered and we are involved in the process of our own gendering and the gendering of others throughout our lives. In the field of  gender and language use, this performance of gender is referred to as doing gender. In many ways we are rehearsed into our gender roles, like being prepared for a part in a play: gender is something we do, not something we are (Bergvall, 1999; Butler, 1990). Over our lives and particularly in our early formative years, we are conditioned, prompted and prodded to behave in acceptable ways so that our gender, and our communitys acceptance of it, aligns with our ascribed sex. [S]ome scholars in the field question the distinction that sex is a biological property and gender is a cultural construct, and both terms continue to be contested . . ..(Allyson Julà ©, A Beginners Guide to Language and Gender. Multilingual Matters, 2008) The Dangers of Abstraction Our diagnosis is that gender and language studies suffer from the same problem as that confronting sociolinguistics and psycholinguistics more generally: too much abstraction. Abstracting gender and language from the social practices that produce their particular forms in given communities often obscures and sometimes distorts the ways they connect and how those connections are implicated in power relations, in social conflict, in the production and reproduction of values and plans. Too much abstraction is often symptomatic of too little theorizing: abstraction should not substitute for theorizing but be informed by and responsive to it. Theoretical insight into how language and gender interact requires a close look at social practices in which they are jointly produced. (Sally McConnell-Ginet, Gender, Sexuality, and Meaning: Linguistic Practice and Politics. Oxford University Press, 2011) Background and Evolution of Language and Gender Studies In the United States during the late 1960s and early 1970s, women began to examine and critique societal practices that supported gender discrimination in consciousness-raising groups, in feminist cells, in rallies and media events (see [Alice] Echols, 1989, for a history of the womens movement in the United States). In the academy, women and a few sympathetic men started to examine the practices and methods of their disciplines, subjecting them to similar critiques for similar ends: the elimination of societal inequities based upon gender. The study of language and gender was initiated in 1975 by three books, the latter two of which have continued to significantly influence sociolinguistic work: Male/Female Language (Mary Ritchie Key), Language and Womens Place (Robin Lakoff), and Language and Sex: Difference and Dominance (Barrie Thorne and Nancy Hedley, Eds.). . . . Overly dichotomous ideas of gender pervade Western society in ways that must be challenged. Because, however, it is important that challenging exaggerated notions of difference does not simply result in women assimilating to male, or mainstream, norms, feminist scholars must simultaneously document and describe the value of attitudes and behaviors long considered feminine. In doing so, feminist scholars challenge their exclusive association with women and point out their value for all people.(Rebecca Freeman and Bonnie McElhinny, Language and Gender. Sociolinguistics and Language Teaching, ed. by Sandra Lee McKay and Nacy H. Hornberger. Cambridge University Press, 1996)In the first phase of language/gender research, Many of us were eager to piece together an overall portrayal of differences in the speech of women and men. We invented notions like genderlect to provide overall characterizations of sex differences in speech (Kramer, 1974b; Thorne and Henley, 1975). The genderlect portrayal now seems too abstract and overdrawn, implying that there are differences in the basic codes used by women and men, rather than variably occurring differences, and similarities.(Barrie Thorne, Cheris Kramarae, and Nancy Henley, 1983; quoted by Mary Crawford in Talking Difference: On Gender and Language. SAGE, 1995)Interactional sociolinguistics [IS] serves as one of many theoretical orientations that have been drawn on to investigate gender and communication. The pioneering study of Maltz and Borker (1982) provided a starting point for [Deborah] Tannens (1990, 1994, 1996, 1999) writing on language and gender in which Tannen investigates interactions between women and men as a kind of cross-cultural communication and firmly establishes IS as a useful approach to gendered interaction. Her general audience book You Just Dont Understand (Tannen, 1990) offers insights into everyday communication rituals of speakers of both genders. Much like Lakoffs (1975) Language and Womens Place, Tannens work has fueled both academic and popular interest in the topic. In fact, language and gender research exp loded in the 1990s and continues to be a topic receiving a great deal of attention from researchers using various theoretical and methodological perspectives (Kendall and Tannen, 2001).(Cynthia Gordon, Gumperz and Interactional Sociolinguistics. The SAGE Handbook of Sociolinguistics, ed. by Ruth Wodak, Barbara Johnstone, and Paul Kerswill. SAGE, 2011)Language and gender studies have seen significant expansion to encompass sexual orientation, ethnicity and multilingualism, and, to some extent, class, involving analyses of spoken, written, and signed gendered identities.(Mary Talbot, Language and Gender, 2nd ed. Polity Press, 2010)

The Power of a Man and His Gun Essay - 2756 Words

The Power of a Man and His Gun An Inside look at Robert Wright’s Dave Saunders and America’s Love of Guns New England College of Business and Finance â€Å"The Man Who was Almost a Man† written by Robert Wright, is a fictional story in which we focus on the main character Dave Saunders. Dave is a seventeen year old African American living in a time of racial oppression. When we meet Dave, we learn of his struggles with some fellow field workers and desires more respect as a man. Believing that possession of a firearm will earn him the respect he thinks he deserves, Dave decides to buy a gun. In this story, Wright has created Dave to be facing multiple struggles against the white man. In the story’s setting,†¦show more content†¦The gun debate continues to raise eyebrows in America. And the main question is; why do American’s love guns? As always, there are two sides to every debate. In the expansive country that we live in, it’s quite understandable that there are going to be many different cultures and backgrounds in the mix. The debate over guns is no different. An example of these different views came into play debate between Representatives in 2000 between Adam Schiff (D. California) and Brad Carson(D. Oklahoma.) Both were asked a question about the gun issue in America, there responses were: Schiff: ‘When people think about guns, it’s not so much about hunting or self-protection, it’s more about gang violence and drive-by shootings, about someone going into a day-care center in Granada Hills and shooting a bunch of kids, or going into a school in Stockton and shooting kids,† Schiff said. Carson: ‘In my home district, when people think about guns, it’s also not that much about hunting or self-protection. It’s about Lexington and Concord.’ This simple point of view shows how America sees guns differently. In Schiff’s point, he sees them as causing harm and pain for unjust reasons. Carson sees guns as a point of defense, pride and part of American heritage. In today’s age we are constantly seeing violence on television. FromShow MoreRelated Man Who Was Almost a Man Essay653 Words   |  3 Pages What does it mean to be a man? How does one qualify for the title? Is the term man simply referring to male human beings, or does it hold a greater measure of meaning in society. In order to get more insight into this subject matter, I consulted, The Tormont Websters Encyclopedic Dictionary. As I anticipated, the first definition for man stated as following: An adult human being as distinguished from a female. This definition, did not surprise me, but what did ,was what followed it , itRead MoreThe Man Who Was Almost A Man Character Analysis1496 Words   |  6 Pagesof good fiction would be â€Å"The Man Who Was Almost a Man† by Richard Wright. Wright’s main character Dave possesses the three necessities that would make him a convincing character where Dave’s behavior is consistent, his words and actions spring from motivation, and he is a character who you would believe is real. â€Å"The Man Who Was Almost a Man† by Richard Wright is a story about a young boy who wants to become a man and believes that if you have a gun you are a man. Dave, the young boy, is a characterRead MoreThe Man Who Was Almost A Man947 Words   |  4 PagesThe Man Who Was Almost a Man Wright’s Story, â€Å"The Man Who Was Almost a Man† is a unique story of a man who is perpetually stuck in a state of juvenoia. Wright’s story is a more interesting one where we have a character that is underdeveloped socially, intellectually, and emotionally. Dave Sanders, â€Å"this man-child†, searches for his identity in the South as a sharecropper, an economic situation that erases personal identity through impoverishment. Dave, an uneducated and immature child sharecroppingRead MoreThe Man Who Was Almost A Man Analysis784 Words   |  4 Pagesadults because they see adults as people with power and people who are respected, while teenagers feel like no one respects them or takes their opinions seriously. These teenagers dream to become adults, but due to their lack of responsibility and thinking about their actions becoming adults becomes increasingly difficult and while reaching adulthood they struggle greatly. In â€Å"The Man Who Was Almost a Ma n† by Richard Wright the author presents the power and respect that many teenagers dream to achieveRead MoreComing of Age in The Man Who was Almost a Man by Richard White Dave562 Words   |  3 PagesThe Man Who Was Almost a Man What does it mean for someone to become a man? How does one get the key or password to becoming a man? Some believe that becoming a man is just referring to a coming of age, and it somewhat is, however there is more. In the short story â€Å"The Man Who Was Almost a Man† by Richard white, Dave, the main character is a young boy trying to become a man and is searching for the key. However, there are certain ways to do things in society, and there are ways to not, and bothRead MoreTax Proposal Analysis1134 Words   |  5 Pagesincome families. It will bring down corporate tax rates. It will modernize the international tax system. â€Å"Its a great day in moving in the right direction for middle income tax cuts,† says Steve Mnuchin. Amendment 16 talks about how Congress has power to collect tax on incomes. They can collect tax from anywhere the money was made without giving it to other states. This article connects to the Sixteenth Amendment because Amendment 16 says that Congress can apply a income tax and the Senate is writingRead More A Feminist Reading of The Last of the Mohicans Essay979 Words   |  4 PagesLa Longue Carabine by his enemies.   The scout symbolizes the greatest male power in the novel, and he is therefore the greatest protector of the women as well.    As the size of the weapons of the other characters decreases, so too does their generative power.   Only slightly shorter than the scout in weapon length are Uncas and Chingachgook, who, while carrying knives, also brandish long hunting rifles. Uncas is the closest to the scout in length, for he carries his former rifle-hearing aRead More An Analysis of Poems 585 and 754 Essay992 Words   |  4 Pagesbrings to life two inanimate objects, a train and a gun, both of which perform actions that are useful to man. Though these items cannot act on their own, Dickinson’s diction provides them with their own movements, characteristics, and feelings. In poem 585, a train’s daily journey is given a meaning beyond that of a cold, iron machine when Dickinson describes its animal qualities to show its strength, stubbornness, and perseverance. In poem 754, a gun is portrayed as a protective, devoted servant. InRead MoreThe Desert Is No Place For A Man And Cormac Mccarthy1256 Words   |  6 PagesThe desert is no place for a man and Cormac McCarthy makes that perfectly clear from the onset of Blood Meridian. At first, it’s hard to tell which will be more desolate and brutal: the environment or the men that traverse it. However, McCarthy initially seems to establish that unbridled nature will triumph over man every time regardless of the circumstance. If nature is God, then man is hopeless to stand against it. Yet McCarthy makes an important distinction between nature as it exists in the wildRead MoreSummary Of Richard Wright s The Of The Man Who Was Almost A Man 1031 Words   |  5 Pages224 10 November 2015 The Struggle to Manhood In the world of â€Å"The Man Who Was Almost a Man†, Dave is the seventeen year old main character and narrator of Richard Wright’s short story. Dave is an African American sharecropper who lives with his family on a white plantation owner’s land. Set in the Jim Crow South, independence is a trait that not many Americans possess. Under Jim Crow laws, the status of an African American man is undermined. It is humiliating to many of the men it affects because

Negotiation free essay sample

The informational structure of the case was divided into common information shared between two groups consisting of three negotiators each. In addition, each group was given its own discrete brief. The purpose of exercise was to successfully negotiate an optimal outcome for each of the groups. The case itself, as the name suggests, was based on naming rights of the Veterans Memorial Stadium at River City in the USA. The stadium had a long history of public and University patronage, but over the years became less used by the public schools due to the school having their own fields. The University eventually became the primary users of the field and subsequently the City reflecting on the high cost of maintaining the facility decided to sell the stadium to the University for $1, with the expressed term in the deed of sale, that the City must be consulted over any name changing in relation to the stadium. We will write a custom essay sample on Negotiation or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The Stadium became the home football stadium for the River City University Eagles football team. The University after some time wanted to rename the stadium after their highly regarded retired football coach Roger Hardy. The renaming would not only honour the coach, but in addition, would result in a wealthy donor pledge of $91,250 to the University. The proposed new name of the stadium was the ‘Roger Hardy – Veterans Memorial Stadium’. Due to the unwillingness of the City to change the name of the stadium, the University proceeded to rename the field only to Roger Hardy Field. The University did so acting under state rules which allowed a Chancellor to name facilities that were less than an entire building (such as rooms, wings, or exterior plazas) without approval from anyone else. Subsequently lawsuits were filed against the University. Both parties eventually hoped to negotiate an out-of-court settlement through their designated negotiators. The main parties to the case were the Veterans who saturated the local population of River City (pop. 51,000), accounting for approximately 10 percent of the population and the River City University. There was also a large military base in the area. The Veterans were represented at the negotiation table by professional negotiators acting through the City Council. Our team performed the role of the negotiators representing the Veterans interests but employed by The City (The Negotiators). The University negotiators were accountable to a wealthy donor and also accountable to the City through a contractual arrangement regarding the naming of the stadium when the University took possession of it in 1980. The University being a public institution is also indirectly accountable to the veterans as well as to the other citizen groups Negotiation Unfolding The prelude to the negotiation was based on preliminary reading of the case and internal group discussion. Initially the group was interested in understanding the parties or performing a self-assessment and ‘other party’ assessment. As part of the self-assessment The Negotiators sorted through the key facts to assist building a cohesive assessment of the situation. This involved determining our negotiation goal, or as describe by Thompson (2012) answering the ‘what do I want’ question. The Negotiators were principally interested in representing the interests of the Veterans acting through the City with the objective of satisfying the need of honouring the Veterans. In moving towards negotiating a successful outcome it is critical to determine the Veterans Best Alternative To No Agreement (BATNA). Negotiators should be willing to accept any set of terms superior to their BATNA and reject outcomes that are worse than their BATNA. The BATNA of the City Negotiators was for the City to pursue legal action to repossess the stadium and the surrounding land based on the University’s violation of the City’s right to name the property as specified in the Bill of Sale. Secondary options were available to the City to coerce the University to submit to the City’s needs. These included implementing various other non legal recourses such as: 1. Refusal to sell land outside memorial park. 2. Refusal to demolish existing facility. 3. Veterans Picketing. It is important to note at this point that many negotiators seek to negotiate a deal from the perspective of trying to get what they want. This perspective can be limiting in optimising the outcome. It is just as important to understand the interests and motivations of the other party. The need and the desire of the parties to transact will dictate whether a deal can be done and on what terms. Both parties in this situation ranked high in both the need and desire to transact, not only from the perspective of the ongoing relationship between the Veterans, City and University, but also due to the immediate concerns surrounding the donors funds for the University and honouring the Veterans through the naming of the Stadium. A key element of the situation assessment was the risk analysis. Acting as The Negotiators it was clear that if we were unsuccessful, one of the key risks was our possible termination of employment. This was due to the power of the Veteran’s to nominate candidates to replace Common Council members and also their ability to oppose any re-election bid by the mayor in the next City elections. If the Mayor was defeated the City Negotiators would lose their positions. Acting as The Negotiators, we clearly had a vested interest in a successful outcome to the negotiations. An additional risk to the City occurred in the event of having to pursue further legal action against the University. This situation would arise if the City was to threaten repossession of the stadium as a last resort measure to ensure that the stadium name remained Veterans Memorial Stadium. The repercussions of such an action would be that the City viewed the maintenance of the facility as a financial burden, and was probably not prepared to take on the expense associated with maintaining the facility. Therefore, this option was more mere puff and not a viable option. Ethically this could be seen as detrimental for the City to pursue this course of action and an abuse of their legitimate powers. Party Positions The position of the City representing the Veterans interests covered a number of points relating to the naming issue of the stadium, which are as follows: a) Retain the name of ‘Veterans Memorial Stadium’ and not to have it renamed to the ‘Roger Hardy – Veterans War Memorial’. b) The ‘Roger Hardy Field ‘sign was to be removed. c) Requirement that any new stadium built is also name after the Veterans Memorial Stadium. The City Negotiators approach in relation to the positions above was an integrative bargaining style seeking to maximise the benefit for both parties. The case notes succinctly describe the pros and cons of integrative bargaining and highlights; that integrative bargaining mutually entwines the fate of the parties. What this is specifically referring to is that; mutual success will be achieved if the negotiation succeeds or alternatively the parties face a common fate if they fail. The opposite approach which could have been used is the fix-pie model or distributive model. This model suggests there is a limit or finite amount in the object being distributed amongst the people involved. The University position was to change the name of the Veterans Memorial Stadium to the ‘Roger Hardy – Veterans Memorial Stadium’. Due to the Veterans uproar in relation to this change and subsequent changing of the name of the field to the ‘Roger Hardy Field’, the Universities position was to maintain the name of the field. Their argument for maintaining the name change of the field was based on their understanding of the legal issues surrounding the case. The University believed they were acting within their legal obligations surrounding the naming terms contained within the deed of sale and state rules allowing a Chancellor to name facilitates (with conditions). Party Interests The Veterans interests were to be able to continue to honor the Veterans through the stadium name. The Universities interests were to honour their coach Roger Hardy and to receive the donation. There was a stark contrast between the negotiating parties, in terms of variation in the nature of the party’s interests from a values and interests perspective. The Veterans positioning was a values based perspective, which was as the case suggested ‘matters of principle’. The underlying interest of the veterans group was to honour their fallen comrades for the benefit of the families of those who served during wartime. The University position was aligned with an interest based approach. The Universities interest was twofold, with the requirement to not only satisfy the donor to enable the University to receive a substantial amount of funds, but also to honour their previous football coach, Roger Hardy. Which was more important to the University, the money or honouring the coach? It could be possible that the renaming of the stadium was a means to an end to receive the additional funds, or alternatively it could have been the cases that a genuine desire to honour the coach was a priority. Perhaps a combination of the two. The scenario which played out between the varying interests of the University and the Veterans Association is not uncommon, where one side may perceive the conflict as a rivalry for resources and the other side may view it as a matter of principle. Understanding the Universities motivations is imperative in being able to optimise the egotiation process. Typically parties interested in additional resources are more open to concessions than parties such as the Veteran seeking to hold the line in relation to a deeply held value. The willingness of the University Negotiators to make concessions was apparent throughout the negotiation process. This willingness was overt and appeared very early in the negotiation process. I would hold this as a cr iticism of the other parties approach in that they were perhaps too keen to make concessions early in the negotiation process before listening to our position. It appeared as if they had decided on their strategy and executed without consideration to our position on the day. Perhaps the group were executing a similar scenario to that which may have prompted Napoleon Bonaparte to make the comments in the opening advice. Positional and Interest Based Bargaining Distinguishing between positions and interests in understanding the dynamics of the negotiation process and its impact on the negotiated outcome is significant. It is useful firstly to understand what the terms positional and interest based bargaining refer to. A position is the stance you take on a specific subject. Positional bargaining focuses on â€Å"the what† in a negotiation. Those using this approach are seeking to get what they want, without disclosing their motive, and often disregarding the needs of the other side in order to reap the biggest gain. Positional bargaining is distributive, does not create value, and often even leaves value on the table. An interest on the other hand, is both an objective and/or a need. Interest Based Bargaining focuses on â€Å"the why† in a negotiation. This method opens the door for an integrative approach to negotiation, where both sides work together to find the best solution for all parties involved. In the process, they may create value through their collaborative efforts. The Universities initial alignment was both positional and interest based. Positional from the perspective of focusing on ‘the what’ in relation to the renaming of the stadium and ‘the why’ was covered in their focus on the rationale for their wish, which was based on their need to honour the coach. It could however be argued that perhaps it was more positional which was highlighted by the lack of information surrounding the donor pledge during the early stages of the negotiation process and purely focused on their naming requirements and honouring the coach. Perhaps the Universities true interests were disclosed later in the process as the Universities wish to honour their retired coach Roger Hardy and receive the donor pledge. The Veterans interests were well known from the outset (to honour the Veterans). Reflections of a Negotiation Our group’s negotiated result was considered a success. The actual result that was achieved between the both parties was as follows: 1. University agree to keep the stadium name as it is and agree not to name the field Roger Hardy Field. 2. Set up of independent committee to oversee the future naming rights of the veterans, with exclusion clauses. Consists of Uni board members and veterans. Committee primarily concerned with naming of the facility. Individual buildings renaming must go to through Committee. 3. Uni was to renaming an annual cup Roger Hardy Cup. 4. Building of new facility the name with remain the same. Prior to entering into the negotiation room our group The Negotiators had identified the following possible set of solutions with a number various combinations achievable. Satisfying the veterans 1. Name a street within the complex. 2. Build a memorial – including all veteran’s names. 3. Honouring the veterans – veteran’s trophy cup. 4. University payments to veterans over time. Satisfying University 1. Veteran’s making an annual donation to the University 2. Negotiate with the Donor 3. Like NAB Cup. Roger Hardy Cup. In critically reflecting on our performance I would suggest that we had limited success in expanding the pie and therefore see that this would have been an area for improvement. The group certainly delivered on what was our top priority regarding the naming rights issue, but perhaps there were further opportunities to deliver additional benefits for the parties. For example, perhaps there would have been the opportunity for financial support to be received by the Veterans from the University in the form of ongoing donations. Another alternative is perhaps contributions given by the Veterans to the University in the event that the donor’s pledge was forfeit if the negotiation has taken a different path. In closing, the exercise was very useful in gaining both practical and theoretical exposure to the negotiation process within the relative safety of the class room.