10 Facts About Liopleurodon

Pets Are The Most Popular And Prevalent Essay - 1123 Words

1.0 Introduction 1.1 Business Overview Pets can often be a figure closest friend or companions for humans. It caused not a few humans who have pets. Pets can entertain, accompany even able to keep these often get outpouring of affection from his keeper. No wonder to have a pet had become a trend among the community. Dogs are one of all types of pets are the most popular and prevalent to be maintained. In addition to its cute and adorable, dogs are often able to understand the feelings of his master. Even if you are the master, a dog will continue to accompany you until whenever. The author and his family were one of the lovers of pets such as a dog among the many other dog lovers and we have several dogs at home. There are the ones we keep from small to large and there is also a dog who s been great since we rescued from the street. Almost ten years the author and family nurturing and caring for dogs at home. Many experiences that writers get for keeping the dog from getting knowledge of care, health, dog supplies and equipment. The authors also look at the changes that occurred in the community paradigm. Originally they had a pet for just being made keeper of the house, but now the thinking has changed. Now many pets are considered to be family members and were considered as important as other family members. They will give you the best in keeping and caring for their pet animals. In these last years, the development of pets, especially dogs quite interesting when viewedShow MoreRelatedPets Are The Most Popular And Prevalent Essay1125 Words   |  5 Pages1.0 Introduction 1.1 Business Overview Pets can often be a figure closest friend or companions for humans. It caused not a few humans who have pets. Pets can entertain, go with even able to keep these often get outpouring of affection from his keeper. No wonder to have a pet had become a trend among the community. Dogs are one of all types of pets are the most popular and prevalent to be maintained. In addition to its cute and adorable, dogs are often able to understand the feelings of hisRead MoreBacterial Infections of Humans Caused by Bites of Animals (NOT insects) Introduction Animal bites900 Words   |  4 PagesSubstantially, injuries inflicted by dogs and cats are the most common, and in 70% of these cases, victims are attacked by their own pets or an animal they know. These bites can prove to be deadly after they become infected and cause serious problems, especially to the face and hands. Dog bites occur most frequently and cat bites usually cause deeper, highly infectious wounds because the infected region can be hard to clean. Bites from exotic pets (eg. Rats, gerbils, iguanas†¦) are not much of a concernRead MoreThe Pathology Of Lung Cancer Essay1675 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract This paper discusses in distinct detail the pathology of lung cancer, specifically malignant tumors. This investigation into the cancer touches on many different subjects that include: the history of the disease and how it came to be so prevalent, it’s cellular origins, how it is diagnosed within a patient, the different treatments used to fight it, and the survival rates for people with any sort of lung cancer. The paper also goes in depth about the use of x-rays and how they are used toRead MoreDisneys affect on our Children and Culture1525 Words   |  7 Pagesfor persuasive forms of learning for young children. For proof, one doesnt have to look any further than down the aisle of the childrens section of their local video store. What you will find are numerous animated titles, many of them Disney films. Most people unconditionally accept that these movies are good for children, that they promote stimulation of the imagination, and contain them in an aura of innocence. Th e relevance of these films, however, crosses the boundary of being just entertainmentRead MoreWe Must Stop Animal Research and Animal Testing Essay1538 Words   |  7 Pagessuperfluous. As consumers we have a tendency to disregard things we do not necessarily want to know. For example, despite popular belief rats and mice are not the only animals used in testing facilities. Dog, cats, primates, and rabbits are routinely victimized in animal testing facilities as well and while acceptance of animal testing is decreasing it is still prevalent in society today. It seems as though consumers, and even previously myself, are content to ignore the horrifying facts aboutRead MoreThe Benefits Of Animal Assisted Therapy Essay1684 Words   |  7 Pagesa new AAT program that will benefit the community and reduce pet homelessness. Introduction Animals and humans have had a symbiotic relationship for thousands of years, and they play an important role in our everyday lives by providing tremendous benefits to our mental and physical well-being. One way the human-animal bond has been formed is in the form of companion animals, or pets, with dogs being the most notable example. This study primarily focuses on dogs and theRead MoreMental Health And Finding The Best Form Of Treatment1557 Words   |  7 Pagesfew. Generally these have been used together to improve efficiency and guarantee success. Drug therapy has been prevalent and inadvertently led to many questioning whether these drugs are beneficial to our health in the long-term. Those suffering from PTSD may choose to opt out of using medication and attempt alternate routes of treatment, one of which is becoming increasingly popular: animal therapy. This involves using trained animal â€Å"therapists† to combat the symptoms of PTSD and provide companionshipRead Mor e`` High Fantasy, Rites Of Passage And Cultural Value `` By Jean Murray Walker1012 Words   |  5 Pagesthem the collision of powerful interests and values. Even though they may be nurtured within a family structure, chances are they are NOT indoctrinated into a clearly defined community of values.† (Walker 109) Instead, â€Å"materialism prevails, and popular fantasy - in which good (us!) prevails against evil (them!) - is standard fare.† However, Walker contends, and I agree, that â€Å"the best fantasy provides something more, and presents complex and clearly defined values, not vacant symbols of of theRead MoreGay Marriage Should Be Legal909 Words   |  4 Pagesonly difference between the two are the gender of whom they fall in love with. Contrary to popular belief, allowing same-sex marriage would in no way, shape, or form damper heterosexual marriage or traditional family values and, society would continue to function as normal. If equality is passed nationwide, heterosexual couples could still marry and, show their love the way they have for years. Though most families value tradition, it is a homosexual’s couples right to be married. A gay marriageRead MoreThe True State Of Loneliness2464 Words   |  10 Pagespublications by authors in association with loneliness that is also portrayed by actors in films and acknowledged by musicians for many years. It has played a role in our way of life and Is becoming more prevalent throughout the world. At some point in time we undergo a state of being lonely. For most of the population, the condition could be short-term although unfortunately for others it becomes a lifestyle and ultimately their downfall if they are not able to stabilize from it. The dictionary de fines

The Stimulus FDI has Provided in Harnessing Indias Economic Potential free essay sample

An in-depth analysis of the role FDI (foreign direct investment) has played within the Indian economy. This paper analyzes the role Foreign Direct Investment has played within the Indian economy. It traces FDIs history in India as well as the socio-economic and geo-political factors which have led to the inflow of FDI. The paper studies the success and failures within industry- specific areas such as power, telecom, IT and BPO. It also deals with Indias struggle through policies of protectionism and repudiation to large scale reforms, divestments and privatization. The research is somewhat critical of the use of FDI but looks at all aspects of FDI and its role within the Indian economy. Table of Contents Opening the Indian Economy and the Magnitude of FDI Introduction FDI and Comments on Governmental Policy Formulation for Promotion of MNE s Imperative of Attracting Export-oriented FDI through MNE s A Professional Approach to Promotion The Socio-Economic and Geo-political Factors Leading to Liberalization- based Policies in India Evolution of Government Policy in Conjunction with Promotion of FDI through MNEs Evolution of Government policy: 1948 ? 1967 The Restrictive Phase: 1968-1979 The Opening up of the 1980s Structural Adjustment and Globalization: 1990s Government Policy and Trends in Foreign Investments and Collaboration Inflows of FDI and an Analysis of Historic Comparative Advantages as Opposed to Knowledge Based Growth FDI and Pitfalls Related to Inflow Historic Comparative Advantages Lost Ideologies in Globalized Paradise Case Power Sector Knowledge Based Growth Case: Telecom Scandal The IT and BPO sectors Case Examples Western Demand and Dupplies Curves Comments Indian Liberalization Targets vs. We will write a custom essay sample on The Stimulus FDI has Provided in Harnessing Indias Economic Potential or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page FDI policy Inflows Foreign Investment Policy Magnitude of FDI Inflows Steps India Can Take to Accelerate Increases in FDI Inflows National Promotion as Brand for Inflow of FDI Focus on Tertiary Service Sector Rural Cottage and Agro-based Businesses for Large-scale, Economic Production for Exports Bureacracy Reduce Privitzation Acceleration Investment in Domestic Infrastructure and Projects Conclusion and Recommendations Limitations and Future Research Conclusions from Investigation Recommendations Personal Review Various other policies have been laid out since and have been put into effect as an attempt on the part of the Indian government to firmly safeguard MNE s business interests and promote a competitive environment. Since 1991, India has received a number of delegations of potential foreign investors and the most recent one which is worth mentioning is Mr Bill Clintons delegation to India which has literally brought about huge FII (Foreign Institutional Investments) up to an estimated $4 dollars within a week. The US has also provided MNE s to borrow from the EXIM and World banks to further invest in India up to the tune of $750 Million. An indicator of the changed Indian environment is the fact that two giants that left the country following restrictions placed on them under FERA, IBM and Coca-Cola, have both recently come back. IBM has set up a joint venture with the TATA group of companies and Coca-Cola has taken over the local soft drink maker manufacturer, Parle.

To what extent do market failures result in a similar optimal allocation of resources to the innovation process Essay Example

To what extent do market failures result in a similar optimal allocation of resources to the innovation process Essay Innovation has a crucial impact on the standards of living in particular economy. It is generally agreed that research and innovation are the main sources of growth and job creation in market economies. i. e. output is increased through greater acquisition of knowledge. Subsequently, 2 things matter for economic growth: savings and the state of the productive knowledge (i. e. shows how productivity the extra capital will be used). The production function diagram below can illustrate this Where labour productivity per worker experiences diminishing marginal returns This diagram shows how economic growth can be realised by accumulation of capital and/or higher levels of knowledge. It should be noted that productivity growth is the difference between the growth of inputs and the growth of outputs and that technological progress is measured as residual-so that any problems with measuring inputs or outputs, will be transferred onto measuring technological progress. There are 2 movements on the diagram: a to b due to the accumulation of capital and b to c due to the growth of productivity or technical progress. The difficulty with this is that if knowledge had not changed, the movement from a to b will not have been experienced. The only reason capital has been accumulated is due to the increase in technical progress. Generally speaking technological progress generates new wealth in two ways: either through innovative process which help to increase the productivity of labour and capital and thus enable production levels to increase and/or to save available resources, or through innovative products which lead to the creation of new markets and industries and give a boost to investment and create jobs, Hence the principal source of growth is innovation. A general consensus states a positive incidence of technological progress on growth, competitiveness and employment. We will write a custom essay sample on To what extent do market failures result in a similar optimal allocation of resources to the innovation process specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on To what extent do market failures result in a similar optimal allocation of resources to the innovation process specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on To what extent do market failures result in a similar optimal allocation of resources to the innovation process specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Enormous amounts of money are spent on innovation and studies reveal that the economic return on innovation is very high in relative terms. Reviewing the diagram on returns to innovation below can see this. Graph2 The demand curve indicates the marginal valuations of this particular product and it is assumed that a single monopoly supplier produces the goods with constant marginal costs c and sets prices above marginal costs at P. The private rate of return is B as the firm exploits its product and receives a private rate of return extended over time against the cost of innovation. The social rate of return is larger as it is the sum of the private return and consumer surplus i. e. (A+D). Better measures can be seen empirically as Nadiri (1993) concluded that the private return on innovation was usually around 20 to 30% and the average social return close to 50%. This begs the question, why are such less resources devoted to innovation even though the rate of returns to society is so high? There are many reasons to this, which I shall discuss later, but crucially it depends on the view of markets and competition. There are 3 types of views: classical (emphasis on the rate of return equalises at the competition level), the dominant view of neoclassical state of equilibrium underpinning welfare economics and economic allocation) and the dynamic view of Austrians (looks at markets as creative and focuses on innovation as an economic process and entrepreneurs as key agents). In the early 1960s various specialist agreed perfect competition was incompatible with innovation as it required huge resources and exploitation of innovation suspected increasing returns. It was typically found that industries that regarded innovation as important were concentrated industries not perfectly competitive which were consistent with Pareto optimality, Hence the reason why neoclassical firms did not optimally allocate resources to organise and fund innovation. Numerous authors like Arrow (1960), Mansfield (1968) and Nordhaus (1969) pointed to market failure- that prevent the attainment of pareto equilibria by violating one or other of the conditions for perfect competition and explained that absence of the government in the free operation of the market would lead companies to under invest in basic innovation. Market failure may be explained in terms of four aspects: uncertainties (missing markets), appropriability, indivisibility and public goods. The innovation process both generates and is influenced by uncertainty and this aspect of market failure is particularly damaging to the possibility of a Pareto-efficient allocation of resources to invention and innovation. It is the inherent level of uncertainty, which most distinguishes an R+D project from a traditional industrial investment project. Innovation entails numerous scientific, technological and commercial uncertainties, which make it difficult for financial bankers to forecast results and monitor their investment project. Put briefly, missing or future markets for contingent claims in an uncertain world do not exist in any sense sufficiently for individuals to take risks in an optimal fashion. In addition to the uncertainties, providers of capital face another major difficulty: this derives from the intangible nature of innovation and the fact that investment cost is not recoverable. Consequently, the percentage of innovation projects, which are successful and generate a return on a large investment, is usually low. Thus financial backers insist on real guarantees to cover themselves if the investment fails. It is difficult to ascertain optimal levels of innovation in an uncertain world due to the existence of information asymmetries; Stiglitz (1991) makes it clear, that the resulting unequal distribution of knowledge creates problems of adverse selection and moral hazard, which deny the possibility of Pareto-optimality. Fundamentally, innovation and information asymmetries can be regarded as one, stating not only a trade-off between static and dynamic efficiency but also that innovation and pareto-optimality are incompatible. Another market failure is appropriation externalities. They have always been recognised as a major constraint on the incentives to innovate, as investors cannot appropriate to themselves the full amount of profits, which result from their funding of research and innovative activity. Furthermore, applied and/or industrial R+D is not altogether free of this imperfect appropriablilty of profits, which investors have. Despite advances in intellectual property rights in recent years, innovative processes and products developed by companies can easily be imitated by others and in some cases with relatively little effort and capital cost. For instance, studies in Europe put the total losses as a result of imitations alone of EU companies at nearly 50billion ECU in 1994. This led to lost earnings and huge numbers of job losses. However efficient the level of protection afforded by international law, there is no question of investors being able to appropriate the entire profits from their investment in innovation; not only for the reasons stated already but also because of the powerful external factors affecting innovation activities and the indirect spin-offs from them. As, had been stated earlier, the social rate of return may exceed private rates of return, private investors only receive a small return on their investment, and therefore it is necessary for governments to act to close the gap between private and social yields on technology investment. Next, the indivisible nature of the innovation process constitutes another major obstacle to optimum allocation of private capital. If R+D activity were perfectly divisible and it were possible to predict the social and private impact of each project, it would no doubt have been easier to separate funds required between public and private capital. However, phases of the innovation process are independent and the results are often unpredictable. Also indivisibilities inherent to the innovation process imply that there are increasing returns to the exploitation of technology and that it will be necessary for firms to retain some market power if they are to recover the costs to innovation. At best, an innovating industry can be monopolistically competitive, and from this different angle, Pareto efficiency and innovation are seen to be incompatible. The, last case regards science and technology as public goods i. e. non-rival, in the sense that the marginal cost of reproducing these is negligible and their owners exercise little control over the way in which they are used. In the free market economy it makes sense for the government to find the production and/ or dissemination of scientific knowledge. But this justification of the government role in funding basic research has been challenged by recent innovative approaches because the public good attributes of scientific and technological knowledge implies that market solution to the allocation of resources to innovation will not be efficient. Economists have identified other sources of market failure such as transaction costs, the national features of some corporate governance models, the reluctance of monopolies to fund innovative work, etc. The EU introduced a science and technology policy as to corrective for pervasive market failures and also due to the emergence of the single European market. The policy emphasised obvious areas of collaboration for R+D and innovation in order to be more competitive with USA and Japan and to compete with the low wages in South America. Currently, member states are spending 1. 9% of their resources on innovation compared with 2. 5% in Japan and 2. 7% in USA. Recently, the EU set the target at an overenthusiastic 3% The policy corrects market failures in uncertainties by appropriating price structures in the missing markets and thereby reducing distortions. Moreover, missing markets imply the need for agents to form expectations on the likely private values of their questions, expectations which policy can certainly influence. Given all these difficulties, which arise from the innovation process, it would seem to be wishful thinking to imagine that scientific and technological progress could be adequately funded in all the market economies without some form of government assistance. However one needs to recognise that government intervention can fail as well. Such examples are, imperfect information, the benefit between those who pay and those who benefit, bureaucratic capture and pressure group activity. It does not automatically follow that government policy will be welfare-improving. This is particularly so with respect to innovative activates, the formulation of which entails access to detailed microeconomic and social information

Technlogy in Society essays

Technlogy in Society essays Accelerating technological change has stretched human adaptability to the limit. In order to understand the way technology may be changing our views of the world, people must first understand the ways in which modern technology itself processes information. Every technical step towards intelligent robots and machines has a rough evolutionary counterpart, and each is likely to benefit its creators, manufacturers and users. Companys like Microsoft who create some of these counter parts for robots/machines and most of the technology that exists today, are not only monopolizing the business but are also forcing everyone to use their software because there are no leading competitors. Today people are so dependent on Microsoft and its computer technology that we cannot live without it. Everyday in society people are making improvements, however, these improvements also have equal drawbacks. Today we are using cutting edge technology to improve every aspect of our daily lives. For instance in today's society the fields of Communication and Medicine are constantly advancing yet they both create significant losses. Technology has helped increase the speed of communication and decrease its cost. However, at the same time it has caused people to become more impersonal with each other. In earlier times the major form of communication was for people to visit each other and go to public meeting places. But now all this can be done through e-mail, telephone, or just standard mail. These advances both improve our lives and hurt them. They improve them by decreasing time and money, but hurt by our frustration and anger tords them if they do not obay orders or not work. Society has experienced, change in time spent at work to the efficiency in producing goods due to the changing technologies. ...

Author James Patterson Biography

Author James Patterson Biography Born March 22, 1947, James Patterson, perhaps best known as the writer of the Alex Cross detective series, ranks among the most prolific of contemporary American authors. He even holds the Guinness World Record for the number of New York Times number one best-selling novels sold, and he was the first author to sell more than one million e-books.  Despite his widespread popularity- he’s sold some 300 million books since 1976- Patterson’s methods are not without controversy. He uses a group of co-authors which allows him to publish his works at such an impressive rate. His critics, who include contemporary authors such as Stephen King, question whether Patterson  is too focused on quantity, to the detriment of quality. Formative Years Patterson, son of Isabelle and Charles Patterson, was born in Newburgh, NY. Before heading off to college, his family moved to the Boston area, where Patterson took a part-time night job at a mental hospital. The solitude of that job allowed Patterson to develop an appetite for reading literature; he spent most of his salary on books. He lists â€Å"One Hundred Years of Solitude† by Gabriel Garcia Marquez as a favorite. Patterson went on to graduate from Manhattan College and holds a masters’ degree in English literature from Vanderbilt University.   In 1971, he went to work for advertising agency J. Walter Thompson, where he eventually became CEO. It was there that Patterson came up with the phrase â€Å"Toys R Us Kid† which is still used in the toy store chain’s ad campaigns. His advertising background is apparent in the marketing of Patterson’s books; he supervises the design of his book covers down to the last detail and was one of the first authors to orchestrate advertising his books on television. His techniques have even inspired a case study at Harvard Business School: â€Å"Marketing James Patterson† examines the effectiveness of the writer’s strategies. Published Works and Style James Pattersons first novel, The Thomas Berryman Number, was published in 1976, after being turned down by more than 30 publishers. Patterson told The New York Times that his first book compares favorably to his current works in one way: â€Å"The sentences are superior to a lot of the stuff I write now, but the story isn’t as good.† Despite its slow start, The Thomas Berryman Number won an Edgar Award for crime fiction that year. Patterson makes no secret of his current use of co-authors, a group that includes Andrew Gross, Maxine Paetro, and Peter De Jong. He likens the approach to the collaborative efforts of Gilbert and Sullivan or Rodgers and Hammerstein: Patterson says he writes an outline, which he sends to the co-author for refining, and the two collaborate throughout the writing process. He’s said that his strength lies in concocting plots, not in parsing individual sentences, which suggests he has refined (and perhaps improved) his writing technique since his first novel.   Despite the criticism that his style is mechanical, Patterson has hit on a commercially successful formula. He’s written 20 novels featuring detective Alex Cross, including Kiss the Girls and Along Came a Spider, and 14 books in The Women’s Murder Club series, as well as the Witch and Wizard and Daniel X series. Books Made Into Blockbusters Given their broad commercial appeal, its no surprise that several of Pattersons novels have been made into movies. Academy Award-winner Morgan Freeman has played Alex Cross in adaptations of   Along Came a Spider (2001), and  Kiss the Girls  (1997), which also starred Ashley Judd.​ New Focus on Childhood Literacy In 2011, Patterson wrote an opinion piece for CNN urging parents to become more involved in getting their kids to read. He discovered his son Jack wasnt an avid reader. When Jack turned 8, Patterson and his wife Susie made a deal with him: He could be excused from chores over summer vacation if he would read every day. Patterson later launched child literacy initiative ReadKiddoRead.com, which offers advice for age-appropriate books for kids of various ages.

Sexual harassment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Sexual harassment - Research Paper Example The harasser can also be an agent of the employer, a co-worker, a worker from another area, a non-employee, a teacher, a student or any number of individuals with whom the victim might come into contact in the daily course of their living activities. Although most employers have some kind of sexual harassment policies in place, it is often not taken seriously enough and the victims may have difficulty bringing their concerns to attention. What has come to light and what is important to remember when finding it difficult to understand the significance of true sexual harassment, is that it is very limiting to both male and female students and workers. In many ways, sexual harassment functions to restrict access to certain professions or educational paths based on nothing more than gender simply because those being harassed are not taken seriously or chose to flee rather than bring the offending behavior to attention. Despite the emphasis given to sexual harassment issues within the wor kplace, the patterns of harassment actually start much earlier, often in grade school.

The Rise of Al-Qaeda Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The Rise of Al-Qaeda - Research Paper Example Al-Qaeda provides no economic blueprint, no political horizon and no vision for future2. Whilst millions of the existing Arabs require indisputable elections and the disjointing of powers, al-Qaeda considers elections and democracy unorthodoxy and corresponding evil principle. Its leaders have eschewed political contribution and activism thus preaching and asserting that only aggression and intimidation will offer political change.Constitutinalism and the numerous Islamism has utter refusal of al-Qaeda’s ideology. The Arab revolutions are considered as the post-Islamist that is while religion based activists which encompass the Muslim Brotherhood coupled with independent Islamists designate significant section of the demonstrators that are dwarfed by the underlying centrist, autonomists, non-affliated activists order and liberals that are different from the al-Qaeda and thus ought to be become one amongst numerous competing forces3. Thus, the revolutions have reinforced what n umerous of the people have known that is the ala-Qaeda’s core ideology is incompatible with the universal aspirations of the Arabs. Arabs and Muslim admire America and the West democratic institutions, including free elections, peaceful transition of leadership and separation of powers. Johnsen, Gregory D. The Last Refuge: Yemen, Al-Qaeda, and the Battle for Arabia. London: ONEWORLD PUBLICATIONS, 2013. â€Å"P.206† The death of Rabi’i opened the way for Nasir al-Wihayshi to take over full control of rebuilding al-Qaeda. Throughout the winter, bin Laden’s former secretary put his individual stamp on the group, making it more methodical and patient, utilizing the blueprint they saw bin Laden as perfect in Afghanistan. Nasir al-Wihayshi knew what had taken place within Yemen the first duration and he had to seen the underlying within Iraq and Saudi Arabia4. Moving within the giant arc,Wihayshi operated his means east out of Sanaa towards the deserts of Marib and then north into the wastelands of al-Jawf prior turning back south for the mountains of Sabwa and Abyan where he had been born. He later recruited locally attracting men the similar mean he had within prison. Though he had been away from Yemen for nearly a decade, he later construed how the community functioned, and the significance of tribal and clan ties. Along with Qasim al-Raymi, Wihayshi laid the groundwork for a durable organization, appointing local amirs or commaders, who would direct al-Qaeda within their home districts. The two Aghan veterans prioritized main tribes and prominent families. Wihayshi wanted his prevailing men to be tied by blood and tribe to the power structure in their area. This was his insurance against the pressure that would inevitably come. Al-Qaeda is the biggest menace to the security of the United States of America. Al-Qaeda is an global terrorist network that was initially established by Osama Bin Laden within the 1980s. The network of al-Qaed a mainly strives to free Muslim states from the underlying nonreligious authority of the west and thus re-establish their prevailing administrations with fundamentalist Islamic system5.Al-Qaeda was responsible for terrorists attack on the renowned World Trade Center and the corresponding Pentagon. Subsequent to the attack United States led war

Mark&Spencer Governance Structure Essay Example for Free

MarkSpencer Governance Structure Essay Corporate Governance 1. Group Board The boards role is what management is doing, holding them accountable for performance against the targets and standards, probing and challenging their thinking to make sure that they are on the right track. The Board works closely with management in thinking through their direction and long-term plans, the opportunities, the risks and making sure we are developing the right management team for the future. The non-executives provide independent challenge and review, bringing wide experience, specific expertise and a fresh, objective perspective. As members of the Board Committees, they play a crucial role in undertaking detailed governance work with a particular focus on shareholders. GROUP STRATEGY 1. Overall Group strategy and corporate vision, setting standards and creating a high-performance culture which maximizes value creation and minimizes risk. 2. Creation, acquisition or disposal of corporate entities or assets which are material to the Group. 3. Evaluation of the Group’s competitive position and opportunities arising from the strategies and strengths of competitors. 4. Development and protection of the brand, its values and business principles. 5. Extension of the Group’s activities into new business or geographic areas 2. Nomination Governance Committee To ensure that appropriate procedures are in place for the nomination, selection, training and evaluation of directors and for succession plans, with due regard for the benefits of diversity on the Board, including gender. Terms of Reference 1. To receive a bi-annual Company Chairmans report on board structure, size, diversity (including gender), composition and succession needs, keeping under review the balance of membership between executive and non-executive and the required blend of skills, experience, knowledge and independence on the Board. 2. To ensure the Group’s governance facilitates efficient,  effective and entrepreneurial management that can deliver shareholder value over the longer term. To review any departures from the UK Corporate Governance Code and explanations to shareholders as to how our actual practices are consistent with good governance. 3. To keep under review the leadership and succession needs of the organization with a view to ensuring the long term success of the Group. 4. To formally propose new executive and non-executive directors for the approval of the whole Board, following a formal, rigorous and transparent procedure for such an appointment. 5. To ensure that all directors undergo an appropriate induction program and to consider any training requirements for the Board as a whole. 6. To ensure that Board Committee membership is refreshed and that undue reliance is not placed on particular individuals when deciding chair/membership of committees. 3. Audit Committee Monitors the integrity of the financial statements and reviews effectiveness of internal controls, risk management and audit. Role The Committee assists the Board in fulfilling its oversight responsibilities. Its primary functions are: To monitor the integrity of the financial statements of the Company and any formal announcements relating to the Company’s financial performance, reviewing significant financial reporting judgments contained in them. To review the Company’s internal financial controls and the systems of internal control and risk management. To maintain an appropriate relationship with the Company’s auditors and to review the independence objectivity and effectiveness of the audit process, taking account of the relevant professional and regulatory requirements. To perform his or her role effectively, each Committee member will obtain an understanding of the detailed responsibilities of Committee membership as well as the Companys business, operations and risk. The Committee can obtain its own independent professional advice as necessary. Audit Process 1. To provide an open avenue of communication between the external auditors, the internal auditors and the Board, meeting separately with both at least annually without management. 2. To keep under review the scope and results of the audit and its cost effectiveness and to report periodically to the  Board on significant findings. 3. To meet, as required, with the external auditors, the internal auditors and management in separate executive sessions to discuss any matters that the Committee or these groups believe should be discussed privately with the Audit Committee. External Auditors 1. To recommend to the Board, for annual shareholder approval, the appointment, re-appointment and removal of the external auditors, and to lead the process of putting the external audit contract out to tender, if appropriate, at least every ten years. 2. To assess their qualifications, expertise, resources, effectiveness, independence and objectivity and to review the auditor’s quality control procedures and steps taken by the auditors to respond to changes in regulatory or other requirements. 3. To approve the terms of engagement and the remuneration to be paid to the external auditors in respect of audit services provided. To review the nature and extent of non-audit work undertaken by the external auditors. In some cases the nature of advice may make it more timely and cost-effective to select them. They may also be appointed for consultancy work but only after rigorous checks to confirm they are the best provider including competitive tender and does not impair the external auditor’s independence. To confirm that the Committee approval process for non-audit fees has operated for the period under review. 4. To review with the Chief Finance Officer and the external auditors the scope and results of the external audit and any significant findings reported to the Committee in the management letter, receiving updates from management on action taken. Internal Auditors 1. To ensure that the internal audit and risk department is adequately resourced and continues to have appropriate standing within the Company, and to keep under review its members’ independence and objectivity. 2. To review with the external auditors and Head of Internal Audit and Risk, the internal audit program and any significant findings, including fraud, illegal acts, deficiencies in internal control or similar issues and review management’s responsiveness to the auditors findings and recommendations. 3. To monitor and review the effectiveness of the internal audit and risk function. 4. Remuneration Committee Recommends remuneration strategy and framework to recruit, retain and reward senior executives for their individual performance. Role To recommend to the Board the senior remuneration strategy and framework, giving due regard to the financial and commercial health of the Company and to ensure the Chairman, Chief Executive , executive directors and senior management, (currently together comprising Reward Levels H and G) are fairly rewarded for their individual contributions to the Company’s overall performance. Terms of Reference 1. To determine and agree with the Board, and taking such external advice as necessary, the appropriate policy for rewarding the Company’s Chairman, Chief Executive, executive directors and senior management. 2. To establish the selection criteria, selecting, appointing and setting terms of reference for any remuneration consultants who advise the Committee. 3. On behalf of the Board to prepare, and to place before shareholders at each annual general meeting, a report setting out the Company’s policy and disclosure on senior remuneration as required by the Directors Remuneration Report Regulations 2002 and other associated legislative or regulatory requirements. 4. To determine for each annual general meeting any aspect of remuneration policy should be brought to shareholders that requires their specific approval, eg share schemes, in addition to the remuneration report which will be submitted to shareholders annually for general approval. 5. To undertake appropriate discussions as necessary with institutional investors on policy or any other aspects of senior remuneration. 6. Annually to review and update its terms of reference, recommending any changes to the board and to evaluate its own membership and performance on a regular basis. * The remuneration of non-executive directors is determined by the Chairman and Chief Executive together with the executive directors. 5. Governance Group Supports colleagues by providing governance support and oversight that is meaningful, relevant and focused on ensuring the business is doing the right things the right way both in the UK and overseas. The Governance Group  engages across the business and comprises legal, audit and risk, insurance, archive, pensions, employee representative and secretariat, reporting on its activities regularly to the Board in the Group Secretary’s report. Giving guidance to colleagues on doing the right thing, the right way including ethics’ code: 1. Implementing practical and cost-effective responses to legislation and regulation. 2. Reviewing and making our policies and practices more accessible. 3. Minimizing trading disruption and legislative consequences. 4. Leveraging business initiatives and sharing best practice. 5. Negotiating contractual terms and protecting our brands and innovation. 6. Providing assurance on internal controls and visibility of key risks. 7. Minimizing insurance premiums, claims and fines. 8. Protecting and promoting our brand heritage. 9. Enabling the Company to meet its pension liabilities. 10. Assisting employee and shareholder engagement. 11. Supporting directors in their Board and Committee roles. Operational Governance 6. Executive Board Accountable for running the business, making sure we are doing the right thing day-to-day and delivering the Group’s strategy. It allocates capital and controls all non-property investments with a risk of material impact on financial results, brand or strategy. It keeps the Board regularly informed about the business and how we work with our different stakeholders. Its work is supported by a number of operational committees and functions. The EB exists to run the business and deliver the Group’s strategy as approved by the Group plc (public limited company) Board: To develop and review strategic opportunities and initiatives for the Group; to evaluate the Group’s competitive position and determine strategies to protect MS, its sub-brands, values and business principles and to consider the impact on key stakeholders; To manage the day to day business, responding to market conditions and trends with appropriate plans for pricing and promotions; To agree and deliver the Group’s financial and operational plans and forecasts; and to deliver these plans and monitor performance against the Group plan, financial forecasts and quarterly revisions; To act as the authorizing  Board for all non-property expenditure (including non-retail property investments e.g. warehousing) subject to the authority set out below. To recommend to the Group Board all expenditure in excess of this authority; To regularly monitor performance against pre-determined criteria to ensure non-property investments deliver required returns; To monitor the Group’s business processes systems and controls; To identify, evaluate, monitor and manage the Group’s risks (including financial, commercial, information security, HWDB, ethics and compliance, business continuity, fire, health and safety) to enhance the Group’s performance and its assets; To review leadership development and succession across the Group; to review HR strategy, including reward framework, employee bonus (excluding those determined by the Remuneration Committee), conditions of employment and pension schemes and people matters; To drive overall Group performance through setting and tracking their own clear objectives which are cascaded throughout the Group and changing ways of working; To review and update annually its terms of reference, recommending any changes to the Group Board and to evaluate its own membership and performance on a regular basis. 7. Management Committee To monitor the development of the Group’s work streams against the Group’s three year plan and to safeguard cross-functional co-operation of the work streams: to input to the Group’s strategic plan on an annual basis ; to cascade the relevant information to the business ; members of the management committee may be asked to present updates to the management committee to keep everyone informed 8. Property Board The property board ensures capital expenditure is allocated to the Group’s UK and International property portfolio (including Retail Property, Head Office Buildings and Core Investment) in line with the Group’s strategic goals and business priorities, whilst also ensuring maximum flexibility: To recommend to the Executive/Group Board the allocation of the property capital expenditure plan and the relevant investment policies on a three year cycle. To approve and control all UK property expenditure (including Retail Property, Head Office Buildings and Core Investment), projects, and programs  on a three year cycle, within delegated authority limits from the Group Board. To approve all International property expenditure (including Retail Property, Head Office Buildings and Core Investment) relating to joint ventures and wholly owned subsidiaries within delegated authority limits from the Group Board. To regularly monitor performance of all UK and International stores against pre-determined criteria to ensure property investments deliver required returns. To identify, evaluate and manage risks relating to property investment expenditure. To review and update annually its terms of reference, recommending any changes to the Executive Board and Group Board and to evaluate its own membership and performance on a regular basis. 9. Customer Insight Unit Influences decision-making by tracking marketplace trends, our customer barometer and customer views. The customer insight unit ensures customers to gain a real understanding of what they want, what they think and how they behave. The customer insight unit is vital in ensuring that our customers’ needs are recognized in any decision taken by the business. 10. How We Do Business Committee To ensure that ‘How we do business’ is an integral part of the business and the way it operates. Terms of Reference Its primary function is to oversee implementation of Plan A, the Company’s ‘eco plan’ launched in January 2007 which sets out 100 commitments across the challenges of Climate change, Waste, Sustainable raw materials, Fair partner and Health: 1. To provide leadership on HWDB across the business. 2. To ensure all parts of the business: †¢ Have assigned clear roles and responsibilities for delivering Plan A †¢ Have a resourced project plan for delivering all aspects of Plan A †¢ Report on progress in implementing Plan A on a regular basis †¢ Have robust data and evidence to support progress claims †¢ Gain the external assurance levels agreed by the Audit Committee †¢ Benchmark themselves against their competitors †¢ Understand stakeholder expectations on HWDB issues (customers, employees, shareholders, opinion formers) †¢ Have the resources and skills to implement the plan †¢ Are maximizing the communication potential of the issues they are managing. 3. To seek external stakeholder views on our overall performance and maintain an overview of external benchmarking and commentary on our performance. 4. To oversee any internal and external auditing of our performance. 5. To oversee external reporting on our performance and progress against our Plan A targets. 6. To provide the Board with an overview of the social, environmental and ethical impacts of the Group’s activities and how they are being managed. 7. To review and update annually its terms of reference, recommending any changes to the Board and to evaluate its own membership and performance on a regular basis. 11. Business Involvement Groups Every store and every business area has BIG representatives, elected by their colleagues to represent their views. Through the business involvement group network, the business informs, involves and consults employees so their views can be influence business change and decision-making. Commitment to BIG means that MS colleagues have the chance to voice their opinions and ideas, get answers and have their views represented when the business considers changes that affect them. This means they all have an opportunity to positively influence the business they are work in. 12. Fire, Health, and Safety Committee Promotes the safety and well being of our employees, customers and visitors and minimizes the risk of financial penalties. 13. Business Continuity Committee Role The Committee will keep under review the effective management of business continuity across the Marks Spencer Group with the objective being to galvanize the development and maintenance of effective means to continue business in the event of a significant interruption to business. It will provide leadership on BC policy across the Group and will ensure that the Policy is integrated into every aspect of the Group’s critical operations  around the world.

Compare/Contrast Rip Van Winkle and The Devil and Tom Walker Essay

Both of the stories by Washington Irving are fictitious tales written in the mid 1800’s. The author, Washington Irving, was an influential author. He invented narrators, who were both comical and fictional, to explain his stories. His work was based on German folk tales, and he added an American twist to the age-old tales.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first thing that strikes me after reading both of these stories is that Irving uses inflated diction in both. This is another reason Irving became so popular. This way of writing made the story more enjoyable and comical. However, to some readers, inflated diction could be confusing and annoying. Either way, this style is prevalent in both of the stories.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another thing these stories have in common are eit...

Bismarck: Master Planner or Opportunist?

Unification of Germany Example Essays. Bismarck Master Planner or Opportunist? | | | | |Bismarck later declared that he had carefully planned unification of Germany in 5 clear | | |steps from 1862. He said that he had planned: 1. To Obtain Russian Neutrality; 2.To trick | | |Austria into declaring War; 3. To ensure French Neutrality; 4. To Treat Austria Leniently | | |after Defeat; 5. To Trick France into Declaring War. | |INTRODUCTION: |Other Historians have recently claimed that rather than plan unification, Bismarck was a | | |skilful diplomat who used events as opportunities to promote Prussian interests. | |Regardless of whether Bismarck planned unification or used events as opportunities he | | |definitely had a favourable ‘hand of cards’ which he inherited when he became | | |Minister-President in 1862 which allowed him to unify Germany by 1871. | | | | | |1. To obtain Russian Neutrality. | | | | |Evidence for Plan: | | |He obtained Russian neutrality for the l ater War with Austria through the Alvensleben | | |Convention of 1863. This meant Russian Poles who escaped over the border into Prussian | | |Poland would be returned to the Tsar. | | | | |Evidence against Plan: | | |It is unlikely that Bismarck knew the Poles would revolt in advance and it seems more likely| |STAGE 1 MASTER PLAN |that he helped the Tsar to prevent the Prussian Poles rebelling too. | | |The International condemnation at Alvensleben led Bismarck to play down the event’s | | |significance which outraged the Tsar. | |It almost led to him being sacked by William I. | | | | | |Analysis: | | |Despite gaining Russian neutrality in the following War against Austria Bismarck achieved it| | |through luck rather than planning.The Tsar was angrier at Austria not supporting Russia in | | |the Crimean War than at Bismarck’s public back down over Alvensleben. He did achieve | | |neutrality but it seems unlikely that he would have planned such a dangerous route. | | | | | | | | |To trick Austria into declaring War. | | | | |Evidence for the Plan: | | |He created a situation where Austria and Prussia were becoming more hostile to one another. | | |This was created through War with Denmark 1864 when Bismarck persuaded Austria to join them | | |in War.Once victorious The Gastein Convention gave Prussia administrative control of | | |Schleswig and Austria control of Holstein. | | |Prussia’s and Austria’s relationship now deteriorates rapidly and when Prussia proposes | | |plans to change the Constitution in Schleswig Austria appeals to the Diet which is forbidden| | |in the Convention and Austria mobilises troops in case of War. | |Prussia now accuses Austria of being the aggressor and starting War invades Holstein. | | | | | |Evidence Against Plan: | | |It is unlikely Bismarck could have foreseen the inheritance crisis in Schleswig and | |STAGE 2 MASTER PLAN |Holstein. | |Also there is strong evidence to suggest that Bismarck wa s only attempting to annex | | |Schleswig and Holstein and not force a War with Austria. | | |There are letters to his wife that explain he is open to a ‘diplomatic solution’ to the | | |crisis and was willing to prevent War with Austria through diplomacy. | | | | |Analysis: | | |Whilst not as clear as Stage 1, it still seems likely Bismarck was acting as a Prussian | | |expansionist rather than planning war with Austria as he was still trying to resolve tension| | |through diplomacy until Austria mobilised her troops in 1866. | | | | | | | |To gain France’s neutrality. | | | | |Evidence for Plan: | | |Bismarck meets Napoleon III in Biarritz in October 1865 to appeal for neutrality in War with| | |Austria. Napoleon verbally agrees and would persuade Italy to join the War with Prussia. | | |Once Austria was defeated Napoleon would gain Venetia which would be passed to Italy. |STAGE 3 MASTER PLAN | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Evidence against Plan: | | |B ismarck could never be totally sure of Napoleon’s neutrality. Despite gaining a verbal | | |agreement details are very sketchy as to definite areas of agreement. Also Napoleon later | | |double-crossed Bismarck and made a secret agreement with the Austrians that for French | | |neutrality, if Austria won, Napoleon would be given some Prussian land as a reward. | | | | |Analysis: | | |Yes the Biarritz meeting was planned and yes the French remained neutral, but it seems | | |through more luck than detailed planning as Napoleon made agreements with both sides and | | |Bismarck could not guarantee French neutrality. | | | | | |Treat Austria Leniently after Defeat. | | | | | |Evidence for Plan: | |The Treaty of Prague 1866 was lenient on Austria and this was down to Bismarck. Both William| | |I and Von Moltke wanted to advance on to Vienna and press home defeat to humiliate Austria. | | |It took all of Bismarck’s persuasive abilities to prevent this from happening. | | |Austria had to agree to return to her Empire and leave German interests alone, disband the | | |Old Confederation and allow the formation of The North German Confederation under Prussian | |STAGE 4 MASTER PLAN |control. Secret military agreements were then made with the southern states. | | | | |Evidence against Plan: | | |Instead of deliberately planning to treat Austria leniently, it is more likely that Bismarck| | |wanted to consolidate gains and to prevent France or other European Powers from joining the | | |War in support of Austria which could have jeopardised gains made. | | | | | |Analysis: | | |Although Bismarck’s diplomatic skill in persuading William and von Moltke to go no further | | |after the Battle of Koningratz (Sadowa,) it seems more likely that he did it to prevent | | |French hostilities and to keep the gains made by Prussia during the War. | | | | | | | | | | |To trick France into declaring War. | | | | | |Evidence for Plan: | | |Bismarck goes agai nst the French claim of Luxembourg by proposing a German prince instead, | | |which certainly angered Napoleon. | | |In 1868 when the revolutions in Spain forces out the Queen they offer the throne to Leopold | | |of Hohenzollern (related to Prussian Royal family) in 1870.Bismarck could accept to gain | | |Spain as an ally but it would worry France (who would be encircled). | | |Finally 12th July 1870 it was decided to withdraw Leopold as a candidate. On the 13th July | | |French foreign Ambassador Benedetti meets William I at German town of Ems and William | | |accepted withdrawal of Leopold but refused to promise what the French were demanding; the | | |withdrawal of all future accession rights. William sent the telegram to Bismarck recalling | | |the events. |STAGE 5 MASTER PLAN |Bismarck’s genius comes into his own and releases his own version of the telegram to the | | |press which is so inflammatory that French declares War on Prussia on the 19th July 1870. | | | | | | Evidence Against the Plan: | | |Bismarck initially supported the French claim to Luxembourg but later changes his mind. | | |He also allows the withdrawal of Leopold as a candidate which doesn’t suggest he was trying | | |to provoke the French. | |Although the Ems telegram was deliberately doctored by him to cause the French to declare | | |War on Prussia it is more likely that he made the decision after he received the telegram | | |rather than planning the events in advance. | | |How could he have anticipated such aggressive French foreign policy in the demands Benedetti| | |made on William. | | |Analysis: | | |Although there is more evidence here to suggest Bismarck planned to get the French to | | |declare war; it is unlikely that he planned it prior to 1862 as he suggests.There is more | | |evidence to suggest he decided to provoke France after receiving the Telegram, so therefore | | |taking events as opportunities when they arose. | | | | | | | | | | | |Bismarck wa s a skilful politician who was most probably a Prussian Supremacist who wanted | | |Prussian expansion at the expense of the Austrians.It is most unlikely that he planned | | |unification from the start in 1862 and more likely that he used opportunities when they | | |presented themselves to benefit Prussia, initially and later, for Germany. | | |It is more likely that he first wanted to expand Prussian territory into Schleswig and | | |Holstein, but thwarted by the Austrians was forced into war with them in 1866. | | |Similarly in order to consolidate the North German Confederation under Prussian control, the| | |Treaty of Prague was lenient so not to provoke the French. |CONCLUSION |Finally once the military agreements were in place with the southern states, Bismarck used | | |the opportunities presented as a result of the Luxembourg Situation and the Hohenzollern | | |Candidature Crisis to re-write the Ems Telegram. This again was where he saw the opportunity| | |of expansion to include all German states under Prussian leadership. | | |The only people who believe the Master plan were Bismarck himself and early German | | |historians who were still in awe of the great statesman that had unified Germany. Most other| | |historians realise that he was more likely an incredibly skilful opportunist and able | | |politician. |

Ann Fudge Mini Case Essay

1.Where would Ann Fudge be placed in each of the five factor model (FFM) categories? Ann Fudge was a very successful woman who was very enthusiastic about her job. She took pride in being original and was committed to her work. In the five-factor mode, Ann Fudge would be placed in three different categories such as openness to experience, agreeableness, and neuroticism. When talking about openness to experience, it is concerned with curiosity, innovative thinking, assimilating new information, and open to new experiences. It describes a person’s personality. In the mini cases study Ann Fudge decided that after working 24 years in corporate America, she was going to take some time off to figure out her life and have some time to herself. During her time away from corporate America, Fudge traveled to different countries to visit and embark on some new experiences. People with this personality trait enjoy traveling to different countries, seeking new experiences through travel. Ann Fudge’s success was based on her ability to be strategic and being a big picture thinker; this denotes her high level of openness to experience. Ann Fudge had a great ability to get along well with others. From the case, it points out that Ann Fudge was equally comfortable with consumers at the ballpark, factory workers on a production line, and executives in the bored room. Ann fudge was approachable and easy to get a long with; she demonstrated this by being a charismatic leader who simply listened. These personality traits demonstrated agreeableness, which concerns how one gets a long with, as opposed to gets ahead of others. Fudge also demonstrated neuroticism, which deals with how people react to stress, change, failure, or personal criticism. People with these personality traits remain calm in pressure situations, and is able to handle personal criticism well. This was demonstrated when Fudge’s boss expressed how she was very comfortable with herself and she is not pretending to be some she’s not. Having this trait indicates that she can handle any constructive criticism and not take it personal. 2.Consider The Components of creative intelligence from Table Identify the key components that have affected Ann Fudge’s success. 3.Ann Fudge decided to take a sabbatical to focus on her personal life.  Based on her experience, what are the benefits of such a break? What might be the drawbacks? When Ann Fudge took a sabbatical to focus on her life, she was able to accomplish many things. She wanted more out of life than to be defined only by her career. During her break one of the benefits that she was able to experience was traveling. Fudge enjoyed traveling to different countries such as Sardinia and Corsica. She was also able to enjoy different activities such as yoga. Another benefit that she experience while on her leave was becoming an author of a book she wrote called â€Å"The Artist’s Way at Work.† In my opinion, there were no drawbacks. She took the time to redefine herself as a person. When she came back she was more successful than ever. Fudge took the job at Y&R and worked hard to put the company back on top, and her hard work paid off at the end.

Exordium - Definition and Examples

Exordium s In classical rhetoric, the introductory part of an argument in which a speaker or writer establishes credibility (ethos) and announces the subject and purpose of the discourse. Plural: exordia. Etymology: From the Latin, beginning Observations and Examples: Ancient rhetoricians gave elaborate advice for exordia, since rhetors use this first part of a discourse to establish their ethos as intelligent, reliable, and trustworthy people. Indeed, Quintilian wrote that the sole purpose of the exordium is to prepare our audience in such a way that they will be disposed to lend a ready ear to the rest of our speech (IV i 5). However, in Book II of the Rhetoric, Aristotle contended that the main purpose of the introduction was to make clear what is the end (telos) of the discourse (1515a). Other functions of introductions, according to Aristotle, include making the audience well disposed toward the rhetor and the issue and grabbing their attention.(S. Crowley and D. Hawhee, Ancient Rhetorics for Contemporary Students, Pearson, 2004) Analysis of the Exordium of Dr. Kings I Have a Dream Speech The exordium [paragraphs 2-5] breaks down into two parts, both of which make a similar syllogistic argument while shifting its major premise. The syllogism takes the form of (a) America consists of a promise of freedom, (b) the Negro in America still is not free, therefore, (c) America has defaulted on its promise. The major premise of the first argument is that the Emancipation Proclamation constituted a promise of freedom for Afro-Americans. The major premise of the second argument is that the American Founding as expressed in the Declaration of Independence and Constitution constituted such a promise. In both cases, King argues, the promise has not be fulfilled.Kings exordium is essentially moderate. This is necessary because he must win the attention and trust of his audience before he can make his more militant plea. Having established his ethos, King is now ready for confrontation.(Nathan W. Schlueter, One Dream or Two? Lexington Books, 2002) Exordium of John Miltons Address to His Classmates (An Academic Exercise) The noblest masters of rhetoric have left behind them in various screeds a maxim which can hardly have escaped you, my academic friends, and which says that in every type of speechdemonstrative, deliberative, or judicialthe opening should be designed to win the goodwill of the audience. On those terms only can the minds of the auditors be made responsive and the cause that the speaker has at heart be won. If this be true (andnot to disguise the truthI know that it is a principle established by the vote of the entire learned world), how unlucky I am! What a plight I am in today! In the very first words of my speech, I am afraid that I am going to say something unbecoming to a speaker, and that I shall be obliged to neglect the first and most important duty of an orator. And in fact, what good will can I expect from you when in as great an assembly as this I recognize almost every face within eyeshot as unfriendly to me? I seem to have come to play an orators part before an utterly uns ympathetic audience.(John Milton, Whether Day or Night Is the More Excellent. Prolusions, 1674. Complete Poems and Major Prose, ed. by Merritt Y. Hughes. Prentice Hall, 1957) Cicero on the Exordium The exordium ought always to be accurate and judicious, replete with matter, appropriate in expression, and strictly adapted to the cause. For the commencement, constituting the introduction and recommendation of the subject, should tend immediately to mollify the hearer and conciliate his favor. . . .Every exordium ought either to have reference to the entire subject under consideration, or to form an introduction and support, or a graceful and ornamental approach to it, bearing, however, the same architectural proportion to the speech as the vestibule and avenue to the edifice and temple to which they lead. In trifling and unimportant causes, therefore, it is often better to commence with a simple statement without any preamble. . . .Let the exordium also be so connected with the succeeding parts of the discourse that it may not appear artificially attached, like the prelude of the musician, but a coherent member of the same body. It is the practice of some speakers, after having p ut forth a most elaborately finished exordium, to make such a transition to what follows, that they seem solely intent upon drawing attention to themselves.(Cicero, De Oratore, 55 BC) Pronunciation: egg-ZOR-dee-yum Also Known As: entrance, prooemium, prooimion

5 Examples of Repetition and Redundancy

5 Examples of Repetition and Redundancy 5 Examples of Repetition and Redundancy 5 Examples of Repetition and Redundancy By Mark Nichol In each of the following sentences, repetition of words or phrases or redundant use of similar terms is easily eliminated, as described in the explanations and shown in the revisions that follow each example. 1. This procedure is called an assay. An assay determines the purity of a precious metal. The repetition in this sentence is suitable for aiding beginning readers in comprehension but is stilted and unsuitable for normal usage. Whenever a word or phrase ending a brief sentence is immediately or almost immediately repeated at the beginning of the next sentence, convert the two sentences to a single statement such as the one shown here: â€Å"This procedure, called an assay, determines the purity of a precious metal.† (If the first sentence is more extensive, revise otherwise to omit repetition of the term.) 2. We often refer to this type of test as purple-team testing. Organizations should utilize testing such as purple-team testing or similar activity to regularly test and refine their defensive posture. In similar constructions in which a repeated word or phrase is not in proximity to the first instance, it is still often a simple matter to omit the repetition: â€Å"We often refer to this type of test as purple team testing. Organizations should utilize such testing or similar activity to regularly evaluate and refine their defensive posture.† 3. Pairing these two departments together creates critical mass to justify infrastructure investments. If the definition of a word implicitly includes a key word or phrase that also appears in the pertinent passage, omit the repetition. In this case, pairing means â€Å"bringing together,† so the inclusion of together creates a redundancy: â€Å"Pairing these two departments creates critical mass to justify infrastructure investments.† 4. Implement steps to measure the success of your data analytics efforts, and also consider the most effective ways to report success and value to management and other key stakeholders. Also is redundant when it immediately follows and: â€Å"Implement steps to measure the success of your data analytics efforts, and consider the most effective ways to report success and value to management and other key stakeholders.† 5. The personal information available in medical records can be used to perform any number of identity-theft tactics for some form of financial gain (e.g., obtaining credit, filing tax returns, etc.). The Latin-derived abbreviations for â€Å"for example† and â€Å"and so on† are redundant; delete one or the other: â€Å"The personal information available in medical records can be used to perform any number of identity-theft tactics for some form of financial gain (e.g., obtaining credit or filing tax returns)† or â€Å"The personal information available in medical records can be used to perform any number of identity-theft tactics for some form of financial gain (obtaining credit, filing tax returns, etc.).† (Note, however, that i.e. means â€Å"that is† and, unlike e.g., is not redundant to etc.) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:7 Types of Narrative Conflict55 Boxing Idioms20 Tips to Improve your Writing Productivity

Current and Future Economic Issues Impacting Healthcare Sector Coursework

Current and Future Economic Issues Impacting Healthcare Sector - Coursework Example This paper thoroughly analyzes these five factors that are affecting the demand and supply, as well as the costs, of health care services in the United States. It also suggests specific strategies that relevant entities may use to address these issues from an economic perspective. Physician sovereignty implies that health care professionals, such as doctors, largely influence or regulate the demand for health care. People believe that they require the checkups, medicines, and therapies that the physician advises. Health care demands professional knowledge or expertise. People depend on the doctor. The physician could consider cost, but they are obviously minor (Culyer et al., 2011). Decisions are made based on established clinical knowledge and practice and the guarantee of appropriate, correct health care. The usual thriftiness of a consumer who weighs prices against one another thoroughly and makes budgets is nonexistent in health care. Although this is not essentially negative, it does further result in a greater demand for, and thus increasing costs of, medical care. Moreover, within conventional ‘fee-for-service insurance’, the higher the number of services that are suggested the greater the income the physician or hospital gets (Aizer, 2007 , 405). This situation could result in unnecessary services with gains that are not equal or more than their costs. In fact, physicians may be inclined to over-service, over-test, and overprescribe, particularly if this excessive medical care lessens the possibility of an expensive medical malpractice case (Hicks, 2014). The over-demand produced by third-party payments is a perfect illustration of how consumer decision-making and behavior can be influenced by financial incentives. Consumers are simply acting in response reasonably to the incentive of a lowered price, and the unused or misused medical care is an indication of consumer preference. The result may not be socially desired, yet the consumer remains

Development of the Constitution Act of Canada and the sections which Essay

Development of the Constitution Act of Canada and the sections which apply to immigration - Essay Example Immigrants were freely allowed in to Canada so that they could occupy the available lands and create market for Canadian commodities. Two years later, in 1869, the government passed the first immigration Act that had a few discriminatory restrictions. The discriminations were for strategic reasons and was supported by some Acts such as the1885 Chinese Head Tax and Exclusion Act (Makarenko). The Second World War made the Canadian government to enact more legislations on immigration that did not allow immigrants from enemy countries. These restrictions were enacted in the Wartime Elections Act and War Measures Act. After the world war there was need to create a more socially integrated nation that would favor economic growth considering that there were immigrants from counties that were perceived as enemies. Later the government banned immigration of Chinese people due to Canadians losing their jobs to immigrants. In 1976, the Canadian government introduced another law that provided a new policy for admission of immigrants and it gave categories of immigrants. The categories were independent, humanitarian, assisted-relative and family classes. Later, in 1978, the government recognized refugees as legal immigrants (Makarenko). The government still recognizes the earlier reasons for the need for immigrants. The country still needed immigrants for economic growth and thus in 2001 the government passed Immigration and Refugee Protection Act that put restrictions on immigration eligibility (Government Of Canada, 2001). Later the government got into agreement with America and British-Columbia so as to regulate inflow of refugees from these two countries (Makarenko, 2012). Makarenko, J. (2012, August 12). Immigration Policy in Canada: History, Administration and Debates. Retrieved from Maple Leaf Web:

Site Field Visit and Essay Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Site Field Visit and Essay - Research Paper Example I had already witnessed the rituals of some other religions, and I was sure that experience inside the church would be much different from other worship places. I collected some preliminary knowledge about church and Christianity from my Christian friends. I also made a bit of internet research on the religion and the common rules to follow while visiting a church. From what Slick Matt describes in Christian Apologetics and Research Ministry website, Christianity is a religion based on the teachings of Jesus Christ. According to Christianity, God is ‘Trinity’ which includes Father, Son and the Holy Spirit. Jesus Christ, the Son is the second person in trinity. Christianity believes that one can attain salvation and save oneself from righteous judgment of God only through the faith in Jesus. According to the Orthodox point of view, as described in the Antiochian Orthodox Christian Archdiocese of North America website by Conciliar Press, an orthodox church is the church founded by Jesus, and it is described in the New Testament. It is the church which could be traced back historically by all other Christian sections and churches. When visiting an orthodox church which is considered as the God’s house one should cross oneself and prepare for prayer. Everyone is supposed to be reserved and modest within the church, and must wear proper attires that suits God’s house. Women usually cover their heads and men do not wear any caps. Everyone stands in an orthodox church and there are separate sections for both men and women. But weak or old age people can make use of seats if they need. I visited the church on a Sunday morning with two of my orthodox Christian friends. As I reached the place, I saw the beautiful huge white church building with a golden dome on the top. Since it was a Sunday, there were several men and women who came for the Sunday observance. Church building is oriented west to east with the

Interpreter turns Essay Example for Free

Interpreter turns Essay One consequence of using an explicit utterance to stop Ð ° speaker is that an interpreter takes Ð ° turn to do so. Saying wait-Ð °-minute (or holdyour-turn) is not Ð ° turn initiated by Ð ° primary speaker. In managing discourse flow, interpreter’s become turn-taking participants to direct and allocate turns to the primary speakers. This is Ð ° kind of turn-taking that interpreters do. In this section, however, І describe two other kinds of turns taken by the Interpreter during this meeting. One kind of turn is to offer Ð ° turn; both of these are directed at the Student. The second kind of turn is an independent turn in which the Interpreter beckons the Student to say something. Offering Turns Offering Ð ° turn generally happens when Ð ° speaker has made an attempt to say something. In this first example, the Professor has the answering machine on, and the recording is playing. During that talk, the Professor turns and says, Sorry to the Student and turns back to look at the machine. The Student receives that interpretation, turns to look at the Professor, and brings up his hands as if to speak, but changes his mind. In ASL, this can be likened to someone saying, uhm and then saying never mind. As the Students hands go down, the Interpreter leans forward toward the Student, extends an open palm, and raises his eyebrows which in ASL signal Ð ° question. Although the Interpreter does not actually execute any sign (Ð ° grammatical unit), his gesture means, Do you want to say something? When the Interpreter offers the opportunity for the Student to take Ð ° turn, the Student refuses, and his hands lower, then the Interpreter returns to interpreting the answering machine so that the Student will know that the machine problem continues, Knowing that one primary participant is preoccupied and that people can work Ð ° machine and talk at the same time, it is reasonable to offer the Student an opportunity to say something. In the next example, again the Interpreter offers Ð ° turn to the Student. The Professor has just offered Ð ° final solution to the problem of when the Student should turn in his transcript. She has suggested that he make copies to pass out the next week to be included with the copies she will make of transcripts that is turned in today. As this portion winds down, both begin to utter short responses like ok and good. After the Student says WELL which could mean he thought of something to say, the Interpreter gesturesÐ ° slight lean forward, an open palm extended toward the Student, and eyebrows rose, as if to say Do you want to say something? Again, the Interpreter offers Ð ° conversational opening for the Student as if to say is there anything else you want to say? Again, the Student does not have Ð ° question or Ð ° content message so he just says, knowing that this topic is coming to an end, thats fine. What is interesting about offering Ð ° turn is that the Interpreter must take Ð ° turn to offer Ð ° turn. Both taking Ð ° turn and offering Ð ° turn are indicative of the complex nature of an interpreters involvement in the communicative process of an interpreted event. The Interpreters participation in the flow of discourse supports the findings of Berk-Seligson (199o), Metzger (1995), Wadensjo (1992, 1998), and others, suggesting that the nature of an interpreters rights and obligations bear intensive, continued study When, in other situations, do interpreter’s offer turns? And, how do interpreters know when to offer turns? Taking Ð ° Turn This segment is, perhaps, the most significant extract of talk from the entire meeting. Within this span, the Interpreter intervenes to beckon the Student to say something. This activity in the discourse process marks the potential breadth and scope of an interpreters ability to influence both the direction and outcome of this event. These decisions, more than any other, are indications of experience and the accumulated knowledge of how these social scenes should play out so that all participants experience an outcome that is satisfactory. This segment becomes Ð ° negotiation between Professor and Student, as the discussion of linguistic features in the transcript comes to an end, the Student asks if he should revise the transcript for next weeks class. The Professor wanted it today (Wednesday) but asks the Student if he could have it ready the following Monday. The Student told the Professor previously that he would be out of town for the weekend giving Ð ° presentation, implying that he cannot have it ready for Monday. The Student repeats this information, and the conversation comes to Ð ° halt. At this point, the Interpreter leans forward and executes Ð ° beckoning gesture to the Student. The Interpreter urges the Student to say something. When the Professor asks if the Student could give her transcript by Monday, the Student says, І get back from Rochester Sunday and stops talking, the Professor says ok and uhm and looks at the floor. The Interpreter already knows that the Student has said the wrong thing because the Interpreters uh as the Professor says ok is not Ð ° rendering of anyones talk, and he opens the possibility that there is more to be said. And, in fact, the Interpreter does not interpret what the Professor says; rather he leans forward and with Ð ° gesture bids the Student to talk. Right on cue, the Student does; he offers Ð ° solution: How bout Wednesday morning before class? The Interpreter, recognizing that, typically, American student’s do not tell professors no either directly or indirectly when asked to turn in an assignment, prompts the Student to say more, In so doing, the Interpreter takes Ð ° self-motivated turn and influences the outcome of this interaction. Practicing interpreters might suggest that this action by the Interpreter violates professional codes of conductthose concerned with interfering in Ð ° situation. But І would argue that the Interpreter has instead followed the first commandment of any interpreting code of conductto interpret the spirit and intent of Ð ° message. The Interpreter, knowing that the Student may not know or may not always be able to apply appropriate ways of speaking in these situations, has assisted the Student in behaving appropriately during this interaction. The Student spent all his academic years, up until now, in educational institutions geared toward Deaf persons, Ð ° state school for the Deaf and Gallaudet University, the only Liberal Arts University for the Deaf in the world. Although everyone he has encountered may not have known how to use ASL, theyve accommodated Deaf ways of speaking or have presented skewed versions of ways of speaking and behaving in traditional American institutions. As sociolinguists have argued, many ethnicities in the United States maintain their own ways of speaking and do not flourish in American mainstream situations. That interpreters offer turns and even take turns of their own alters the direction and perhaps even the outcome of interpreted conversational exchanges. The nature of this activity has only recently begun to be studied and, obviously, demands further study.

Louis Armstrong Essay -- essays research papers fc

Louis Armstrong's Influential Career Louis Armstrong’s Influential Career Louis Armstrong was the most successful and talented jazz musician in history. His influence and expansive career continues to make waves in the jazz world. That is what made him become what he is to many today – a legend. Born on August 4, 1901, in the poorest section of New Orleans, Armstrong grew up with his grandparents due to his parents’ separation. On January 1, 1913 he made a mistake which turned out to be the best thing that ever happened to him. At a New Year’s celebration in downtown New Orleans, Louis Armstrong, also known as â€Å"Satchmo† and â€Å"Satch†, fired a pistol into the air and was placed in the Colored Waifs’ Home. It was there that he was introduced to Peter Davis – the brass band leader who taught him how to play the cornet (Brown 17). Soon after he began playing, Armstrong was made leader of the band – something he was extremely proud of. In June of 1914, Ar mstrong was free to leave the Waifs’ Home. He was hired by various cabarets throughout the city, as well as for picnics, dances, and funerals. It was at one of these places that he was spotted by the famous Joe ‘King’ Oliver. King Oliver found Armstrong stand-in slots at orchestras and other venues. In 1918, he was offered the vacant seat left by Oliver in the band the Brown Skinned Babies. Kid Ory, leader of the band, once said that after Louis joined them he, â€Å"†¦improved so fast it was amazing. He had a wonderful ear and a wonderful memory. All you had to do was hum or whistle a new tune to him and he’d know it right away† (Boujut 21). At the end of 1918 Armstrong married Daisy Parker, a prostitute he had met at a dance hall that he played on Saturday nights. The marriage ended only four years later due to her beating him regularly (Bergreen 87). Louis Armstrong was hired in May of 1919 to play on a riverboat that traveled the Mississipp i River from New Orleans to St. Louis. Armstrong soon became very popular in St. Louis and was in high demand (Collier 124). Two and a half years later, he was thrown off the riverboat and fired due to a fight. After returning to New Orleans, he received a telegram from King Oliver in Chicago. It was an invitation to join The Creole Jazz Band – an offer Armstrong couldn’t refuse. The Jazz Band cut it’s first record in the spring of 1923 and toured throughout Illinois, Ohio,... ...s he starred in which shared the same title. For the next seven years of his life he was in and out of the hospital due to heart and kidney problems. On July 6th, 1971, Louis Armstrong died of a lung infection and heart complications. His last wish, that his trumpet be buried with him, was granted. Louis Armstrong influenced almost all aspects of jazz technique and style. He was the first to improvise and elaborate on a given melody. This technique has since been attempted and copied time and time again. Armstrong introduced a freedom to music that continues to impact popular music (Sadie 601). Without this American genius music would not be what it is today. Bibliography Works Cited Bergreen, Lawrence. Louis Armstrong: An Extravagant Life. New York: Broadway, 1997. Boujut, Michel. Louis Armstrong. New York: Rizzoli, 1998. Brown, Sandford. Louis Armstrong. New York: Watts, 1993. Collier, James Lincoln. Louis Armstrong: An American Genius. New York: Oxford, 1983. Crouch, Stanley. â€Å"Louis Armstrong.† Time 8 Aug. 1998: 170. Sadie, Stanley. ed. â€Å"Louis Armstrong.† The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians. 6th ed. Vol. 1. New York: Macmillan, 1995. Word Count: 1246

Family Restaurant Business Plan Essay

Executive Summary Castle’s Family restaurant has eight locations spread out in northern California. Jay Morgan acts as the human resource manager and operations manager. Jay Morgan is also responsible of doing the payroll and making the schedule. He travels to different locations to take care of all of that. Jay Morgan would like to not have to travel to different location and save  money, while also focusing more on the operations of the business. Since gas prices are going up really fast, spending less time and money on traveling will give Jay Morgan more time to focus on promoting the business. Jay Morgan has to come up with ways to promote the business because all the competitors are coming up with different ideas to bring customers into the restaurant. Since most of the employees are part-time, Jay Morgan has to go to every location to take care of the payroll and scheduling. The plan is to show Jay Morgan how he can save time and money by using the Human Resources Information System (HRIS). HRIS will have fewer errors than manual entry. Once HRIS in loaded, making a fiscal plan will show how much money is being saved and how effective it is. It will help Jay Morgan compete with competitors and be better then some competitors. Introduction Castle’s family owned business is a small business that is spread out in northern California area with eight different locations. Jay Morgan is the only manager and he acts as an operations and HR manager at the same time. Castle’s restaurants currently employ over 300 employees including full-time and part-time. Jay Morgan spends most of his time going around to different locations. He would like to stay at one place and take care of everything form his office. Jay Morgan feels like he could use some help from HRIS. HRIS will help Jay Morgan get everything done from his office. Which will save the company a lot of money and will reduce most of the human errors. Jay Morgan will also be able to better manage his time and put his time towards more important things. Company Review The family owned business currently has eight locations spread out in northern California. Castle’s family owned business is planning on opening a few newer locations to expand their customer base. The restaurant industry has been growing day-by-day with more then 990,000 restaurants in the United States and still growing. Estimated sales for 2014 for the restaurant industry is approximately around $683.3 billion. Castle’s family restaurant currently employs over 300 employees, Most of the employees are part-time and around 40% of the employees are full-time. Most of the stuff data entry, payroll and many other things are still done manually. When the company starts to expand, the company will have to hire more employees. This will make Jay Morgan’s job even harder and more stressful. As of now, everything is done manually that includes, payroll, scheduling, benefits, and many other things. Jay Morgan has to travel to every location to get most of the work done which includes scheduling, payroll and answering any questions. Jay Morgan uses Excel to take care of the payroll and has a different application to print them. He hands out paychecks to employees when he’s at the location. Employees have no way of getting their questions answer until Jay Morgan comes to the restaurant to visit. All of the things could be made easier by using HRIS software, which will also reduce in human errors and make the process much faster for everything. Business Analysis Castle’s family restaurant has eight different locations spared out in Northern California. Everything is still done the old way by entering everything manually that includes payroll, scheduling, benefits and many more things. In order for the company to meet human resource (HR) needs the HRM system has to improve or use a new and efficient way to do things. Changing the HRM system will help the company manage many things differently and faster. In order for Jay Morgan to do things now including employee scheduling, Jay Morgan has to go to the location. Sometime some things might not get done because of not having the right tools to get the job done. Going to every location to take care of things is a bit hectic and stressful. Where it s stressful for Jay Morgan the company is wasting a lot of money and time as well. Castle’s restaurant business could take advantage of the HRIS. By taking advantage of HRIS software and technology, things could be made much simpler, easier, and could help the company grow. Also, in order for the company to stay competitive with other same line companies, Castle’s restaurant need to take advantage of HRIS software. HRIS software is the best way to find solution to most of the HR problems. HRIS helps you do many different things form your office or while your on the go. HRIS has made things like payroll, scheduling, befits and employee  performance measurement made easier without going anywhere. There are a few risks to entering everything manually compared to using HRIS software. Amount of data that’s being entered every day by clerks it’s easy to make a mistake. When there are mistakes someone will have to go back and fix them, that will cost the company a lot of money and it will be waste of time. This could lead for the company to lose the trust of employees. Since there is a lot of people that are living paycheck to paycheck. If they can’t get their paycheck as the right time they won’t be able to pay their bills on time. As of now all the tasks are done manually, they have to rely on manual data entry for everything. Jay Morgan does the payroll manually as well and hands the checks out manually as well. There are no direct ways for the employees to get a hold of an HR manger to discuss any issues. Issues are only discussed when the HR manager visits the store. Also, it’s hard to observe an employee. Observing an employee could take a lot of time. In order to observe the employees correctly, you have to spend some time working with the employee. In this case, Jay Morgan doesn’t have enough time to go to every location and observe every single employee. Since the employees don’t get observed they don’t get to know about the things they are doing wrong and how to fix them. By not observing the employees and not letting them know what things they need to fix could cost the company a lot of money. HRIS software provides solution to all of the problems that Jay Morgan is currently facing. In summary Jay Morgan does everything as of now manually, which is not stable for a growing business or a business that is looking to expand. By using the HRIS system will make the company more stable. Also it will be easier for the castle’s family restaurant to serve their customer better and also take care of the employees. HRIS Type/Comparison HRIS software can help Castle restaurant business a lot and can also take a lot of stress of Jay Morgan’s shoulders. There are a lot of different types of HRIS software that could help Jay Morgan in different ways. By using any of the HRIS software, Jay Morgan will be able to work from one place without going anywhere. Most of the HRIS software will let him work from home or  anywhere. The result of this will help the company save up a lot of money and will help Jay Morgan save a lot of time as well. Overall, using HRIS software will help Jay Morgan and make things go much smoother. There are a lot of types of HRIS software out there. Choosing the right HRIS software is always important for the business. Lewin’s three-step change model is a good example that can be fallowed. It explains how technology can bring efficiency for a company. It would be a good guide to fallow. It also states how technology can help make tasks stress free. This is an important reason why an HRIS is critical. Ultipro is one the HRIS software that has been out in the business for over 20 years providing excellent solution to their customers. Ultipro has many different built in functions like time and attendance, payroll, scheduling and many more that could help Jay Morgan take a lot of stress of his shoulders. Ultipro lets employee’s request days off straight from Ultipro and it also lets them upload their availability to Ultipro. Ultipro makes employee schedules according to the availability. Scheduling is one of the main problems Jay Morgan is running into all the time. In order for Jay Morgan to make employee schedule he has to go out to every location. It also gets hard for the employees to request days off and work according to their availability. In order to solve this problem and make everything run smooth, Jay Morgan needs to take advantage of the HRIS software. HRIS software will let him make the schedule at his office and send it out to the employees really fast. Using HRIS also works in favor of the employees. HRIS scheduling software lets employees request days off straight from that software and lets them upload their availability. This will let Jay Morgan schedule according the employees availability. This also lets the employees have access to the schedule much faster. Which is good, because if they are not happy with the schedule they got they can email Jay Morgan to change their schedule in advance before it too late. Using the HRIS scheduling software also saves the company a lot of money by letting Jay Morgan sit in his office and get things done instead of traveling to every location to make the schedule. Intuit is one of the vendors that offer different types of HRIS software. Intuit offers QuickBooks, which is used for payroll and print checks. QuickBooks also works with third party software. This will let the Castle’s  family business use third party software for scheduling and recruiting and other things. Intuit also offers time keeping software for little extra cost. It lets the employees log in and lets them clock-in and clock-out. Time and attendance works with payroll, which lets payroll pull the information from time and attendance. Also, it reduces errors while putting in the numbers into payroll. Payroll also lets you print paychecks straight form payroll and keeps track of printed checks. It also lets you pick the style of the paychecks of your choice. It has also made easier to set up direct deposit for the employees, which could save the company a lot of money. It also has the option where you can print out your W-2 from QuickBooks payroll. Payroll automatically calculates state and federal taxes and also could paid with just a click. PDS is another vendor that brings different types of software to HR to help them make things simple and easy. PDS offers different software for training, recruiting, attendance, benefits and many more. PDS benefit plan lets the employees enroll in plan of their choice in a few minutes. If employees don’t like the plan they are currently enrolled in they are able to change their plain with few steps at any time without any hassle. Employees don’t have to fill out any paper work. They are able to enroll in the benefits online and have all their benefits information at their fingertips. Payroll function lets you create checks and print them. It also lets you customize checks with you company logo. Payroll software work with the time and attendance function, it pulls information from time and attendance to create checks for the right amount. It reduces errors compared to entering data manually. Employees are also able to set up direct deposit and are able to view paystubs o nline. Recruiting is also made easy using the PDS recruiting software. It provides the company with the tools that will allow them to gather applicant data by a corporate website. Once the data is collected, it’s put in a stand-alone database where it’s easier for the recruiter to monitor and control contact. It also lets you put a link on corporate’s website to provide access to this tool where jobs can be posted with descriptions and with the required qualifications. Training is very important for the company to succeed and expand. It give corporate the ability to put up the training on the website for the employees to take in  order for them to succeed. Corporate has total control of the training. They are able to choose what type of training they need to put up and when they want to make them due. This HRIS software can help Jay Morgan is many different ways. HRIS Vendor Recommendation Looking at the things Jay Morgan has to face and understanding the Castleâ€⠄¢s Family restaurant is looking to expand, PDS is the best option for them. PDS will also give Jay Morgan the ability to sit in his office and work from there with traveling to every location. It will also save him time that he put toward focusing in the other things to make the business more stable and better then the competitors. Providing a solution to the current problems Jay Morgan is facing and a solution that will help the company succeed when they expand their business. It is recommended that Castle’s Family Restaurant use PDS to make things smoother. Kottler’s eight- stage model was a theory that was developed after observing. Observations are a good way to study change. This theory helps managers avoid any downfalls in their change. Implementing an HRIS system is a huge change for organizations. I suggest Castle’s Family Restaurant to use PDS because they are a trusted vendor. They can be counted on during the change at the restaurant. PDS has been serving different types of industries including retail, restaurants, education, government and many more. PDS software will also offer phone support. If they come across any problems they will be able to call them and get it figured out. This PDS software will provide solutions to all the problems that have been pointed out by Jay Morgan. Also, it is going to help the Castle’s Family Restaurant make better decisions in the future. PDS software’s scheduling function will let Jay Morgan make the schedule at his office. He wouldn’t have to travel to every location to make the employees’ schedules. Which will save the company money from traveling expenses. This will let the employees access their schedule from any workstation at work by logging in and they will be able put in their work availability. This makes it much easier for Jay Morgan to make schedules according to the employee’s availability. Employees are able to put in requests for the days they want off and it will notify the manager when he/she is making the schedule. Time and attendance function lets employees clock-in from any workstatio n that has the PDS time and attendance software installed on. This function will also show the  employees their schedule as well and it will show them what time they clocked-in and what time they clocked-out. When employees request a day off through the time and attendance function the manager gets an email letting them know that a certain employee has requested a day off. If the manager approves the request, the employee will get message on time and attendance function letting them know that the request has been approved. As of now, Jay Morgan is using an Excel spreadsheet for payroll and has a computer application to print checks. The payroll function of PDS works with the time and attendance function. Payroll automatically pulls information from the time and attendance function to make the checks. PDS payroll also calculates overtime pay if employee has worked any overtime during that pay period. Since it automatically pulls information from time and attendance it will reduce errors while entering numbers. Employees have to option to set up a direct deposit or have their check sent to them. It gives employees the ability to view their paystub using any work workstation. It also gives the HR manager the ability to choose what they want to print on a paycheck. By using the PDS software it will save the company a lot of money and will take a lot of stress off of Jay Morgan’s shoulders. It will also be easier for the employees get access to things. Since Castle’s family restaurant is trying to expand it will help them in the future. PDS software will give the company the ability to compete with other businesses in the same industry. Conclusion I have presented different solution that will help Jay Morgan take a load of his shoulders. Also I have suggested a one software out of two that will be the best fit for Jay Morgan’s situation, also explained why that software will be the best fit and how it will help jay Morgan compete against the competitors in the same industr y. The solution is also going to help Jay Morgan when Castle’s Family Restaurant is expanding. Reference http://www.comparehris.com/product_pdfs/Vista%20HRMS%20Product%20Information%20012012.pdf Facts at a Glance | National Restaurant Association. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.restaurant.org/News-Research/Research/Facts-at-a-Glance Intuit payroll general disclosure: Intuit payroll information. (n.d.). Retrieved