How to Get Your CDL in District of Columbia and Hawaii

Step by step instructions to Get Your CDL in District of Columbia and Hawaii This article is valuable for any individual who needs to get your CDL in District of Columbia or Hawaii. In the event that you need to find out about procuring a CDL at different states, we have assembled a far reaching guide on the most proficient method to get a business driver’s permit in each condition of the nation. Region of ColumbiaBefore you apply for a CDL, you should have aâ noncommercial driver’s permit and afterward get a CDL learner’s grant. A learner’s license permits you to drive a business vehicles ifâ accompanied by somebody with a legitimate CDL for that class.SEE ALSO: How to Get Your CDL in Indiana, Iowa, and IllinoisGetting Your CDLSchedule your CDL street test by visiting the online administrations street test arrangement scheduler.When you take the CDL street test, you should bring alongâ a driver withâ a substantial CDL of at any rate a similar class as the vehicle you’ll be driving. You should alsoâ bring the accomp anying things to your CDL street test appointment:A substantial District of Columbia driver’s licenseA CDL learner’s permitA legitimate and stepped U.S. Division of Transportation clinical accreditation cardAn void vehicle for testing that is a similar kind as your picked CDL class, and a substantial enlistment documentA legitimate driver’s permit with a â€Å"G† (government) support, if utilizing an administration vehicleAfter you effectively complete the street test, you may apply to update from your learner’s grant to a CDL.Taking the TestsThe District of Columbia requires the accompanying to get a CDL:Applicants mustâ correctly answer in any event 80% of the inquiries to pass the information testApplicants must have enough on-street practice to breeze through the aptitudes assessment in theâ commercial vehicle type that they wish to be authorized forHawaiiHawaii is not the same as every single other state in that you should be 21 years of a ge to apply for a CDL.Here are the means you should take to apply for a CDL:1. Provideâ a visa type photograph. in color.2. Round out a CDL application.3. Give aâ current driver’s permit, Social Security card, and guaranteed birth certificate.4. Flexibly a DOT clinical report.5. Pass an eye exam.6. Take and breeze through aâ written general information assessment and any of the composed support exams.After finishing stages 1-6, you will be givenâ a CDL guidance grant. This permits you to rehearse drivingâ in the class of vehicle you mean to take your street test in under the oversight of an authorized business driver.7. At long last, you would then be able to calendar and take the abilities test, or on-street driving test. The request of the tests is: pre-trip examination; rough terrain; and street test.In Hawaii, a CDL is legitimate for as long as 8 years. From that point onward, you have to reestablish it. In the event that you’re 72 or more seasoned, you ha ve to recharge it at regular intervals.

Los Angeles International Airport Risk Assesment Essay

Los Angeles International Airport Risk Assesment - Essay Example Hazard evaluation changes from translation of information dependent on various and normal events or vents to the estimate of the likelihood of atypical occasions, amalgamated in every situation with the estimation of introduction to chance. Setting of the objective needs anticipating of the introduction, degree of hazard, and middle of the road and reasonability of the strategies and alleviations for chance decreases, to spot targets which hits a harmony between reachability, challenge and open and political reasonableness. Stage ONE: THREAT IDENTIFICATION AND RATING LAX Terrorist danger Identification and rating Airport fear mongering hazard evaluation and examination isn't directed in a vacuum. This sort of hazard is typically evaluated and dissected as an approach to control or purchase down hazard over term by means of building up specific measures and alleviations over the air terminal offices. By and by, greater part of the world known air terminals LAX included are at expandin g hazard from both interior and outer dread assault because of their security game plan. By and by, in spite of the improved security at LAX, it despite everything stays one of the focuses of focuses by the fear monger assault, attributable to the way that it has supported more disturbing occurrences than some other air terminal in the United States. This suggests counterterrorism despite everything stays a top worry for the LAX security the board. In 1974, a fear monger composed a bomb in the LAX air terminal ending the lives of three and seriously harming eight individuals. The alleviation for any fear assault at LAX is in this manner, an extremely a major idea which must not be wished away and must be upheld by all the representatives inside the LAX workplace or impression. LAWA the executives is accused of obligations of working, capital improving and arrangement of security at the air terminal. Given the continuous enormous development, contending requests of dealing with the a ir terminal and the redesign of different terminals to grow its global terminals, there is a conviction that the security of the air terminal is needing, making it to be truly powerless for danger assault. Likewise, insight related with flying isn't institutionally passing all open wellbeing organizations of LAX consistently. This implies as a pre-relief measure, there ought to be predictable insight sharing of the data between open wellbeing office, neighborhood laws authorization and US knowledge advisory group. Improvement of connections and joint effort between these three bodies whereby they give one other significant canny data dependent on the advancing psychological oppression dangers, both in the US and abroad is extremely basic for the general wellbeing of the air terminal. Touchy Blast combat hardware According to LAX fear mongering danger recognizable proof, two parameters are applied to portray the dangerous impact plan danger: the size of the weapon decided in equivale nt pounds of TNT (trinitrotoluene) and the deadlock. The deadlock is characterized by the separation determined from the charge’s focal point of gravity to the part of intrigue which for this situation is the LAX and its encompassing. Table 1.1 Showing Explosive Evacuation Distance Threat Description Explosive Substance1 as for TNT comparable LAX Evacuation Distance2 Open-air Evacuation Distance3 Semitrailer 27,214kg 480m 2,136m Moving van 13,608kg 377m 1980m Small Moving van 4,537kg 265m 1144m Cargo van 1,815kg 196m 838m Sedom 454kg 122m 536m Compact Sedom 229kg 98m 456m Briefcase Bomb 22kg 47m 566m Suicide Vest 9kg 33m 415m Suicide Belt 4.5kg 26m 330m

Looking for financial aid COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Looking for financial aid COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Financing a graduate education is a challenge. To assist in this regard, SIPAs Office of Admissions and Financial Aid works with SIPA students to explore their options for loans, fellowships, and work study programs.   SIPA’s fellowship and assistantship funds (funds that do not have to be repaid after graduation) are very limited. Therefore, you should be looking for external sources of funding.   A great resource to begin your search for such awards is the SIPA Database for External Grants and Fellowships that can be accessed at: www.sipa.columbia.edu/fellowships/. The database is updated regularly whenever we hear of new fellowship opportunities.   Recently, we added a new fellowship opportunity (EFN) for prospective applicants who are from Malawi, Mozambique, Nepal or the Eastern Pacific Ocean region.   We recommend that interested applicants start to search for fellowships, as soon as possible and not wait until you receive admission into a program to start the search process so you do not miss any deadlines.

Looking for financial aid COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Looking for financial aid COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Financing a graduate education is a challenge. To assist in this regard, SIPAs Office of Admissions and Financial Aid works with SIPA students to explore their options for loans, fellowships, and work study programs.   SIPA’s fellowship and assistantship funds (funds that do not have to be repaid after graduation) are very limited. Therefore, you should be looking for external sources of funding.   A great resource to begin your search for such awards is the SIPA Database for External Grants and Fellowships that can be accessed at: www.sipa.columbia.edu/fellowships/. The database is updated regularly whenever we hear of new fellowship opportunities.   Recently, we added a new fellowship opportunity (EFN) for prospective applicants who are from Malawi, Mozambique, Nepal or the Eastern Pacific Ocean region.   We recommend that interested applicants start to search for fellowships, as soon as possible and not wait until you receive admission into a program to start the search process so you do not miss any deadlines.

Character Building And Our Cell Phones While Eating

Character Building Parents are often the first models and teachers of character their children interact with. Even before children are able to talk and walk, their subconscious is collecting data from their external environments. Character building can be challenging especially in a technology driven culturally diverse climate we live in. I can recall establishing a norm with my niece to not interact with our cell phones while eating in public because we want to give our full attention to each other or the company we are with. This norm is easier said than done when it is tempting to document our experience by taking multiple pictures of different posed angles followed by a social share on Instagram or Snapchat. Once we deviate from the†¦show more content†¦Unlike most of her friends during Christmas break who were fixated on what they were going to find under the Christmas tree, my niece was fixated on raising funds to support the efforts of the International Justice Missio n to help end modern day slavery. This level of service-oriented, compassion driven character in her required me providing her with opportunities and support to serve her community through various endeavors she is passionate about. Often times parents become fixated on reprimanding the negative behaviors their children exhibit instead of noticing, praising and further, reinforcing the positive behaviors they practiced. For example, I may get heated when I discover my niece has performed a certain behavior I condone; however, there have been times when she has done a positive behavior and it goes undetected because it did not require me reprimanding her. She has had to bring it to my attention at times that I have overlooked something positive that she has done. When this happens, I apologize for my oversight and praise her for exemplifying positive characteristics independently. As I reflect on this experience, it is essential for parents to take notice and invest more time in posit ive character building and reinforcement as a preventive to negative behaviors. When children feel seen and appreciated, they are more likely to engage in favorable behaviors that invoke theShow MoreRelatedThe Lack of Privacy over the Internet1375 Words   |  5 Pagesdeveloped, to be able to collect our personal usage date, or store out personal data, it is almost impossible to own anything technology based, that does not tract something of some sort. The main focus of technology development, is convenience. Which is resulting in our personal privacy to be at stake. Privacy will become a thing of the past in due time. By cameras being installed everywhere and devices being equipped with data collection capabilities without our prior consent or choice, socialRead MoreThe Relationship between The Use of Technological Communication and Social Skills in College Students 1793 Words   |  7 Pagesstrongly correlated with poor social skills, while a greater constraint of technology in college students correlated with high social skills in college. Introduction Does becoming more familiar with technological communication use make one socially awkward? Today’s generation has been brought up with technology, meaning there are different ways people can communicate. One could have as many as ten different conversations with people just by using our hands, tapping on keyboards and on screensRead MoreThe Effects Of Video Games On Children2629 Words   |  11 Pageson your mobile phone in a coffee shop or ringing up an order on a tablet, it seems like nothing is truly impossible. One of the biggest media applications of technology are video games. While this is a phenomenal humankind progression, this is also transforming the perception of normality to children. While limiting the recommended amount of time a child is attached to a video game, one can begin to understand how this form can further develop our children. From confidence building to creativity,Read MoreNokia Marketing Plan5305 Words   |  22 Pages1.Executive Summ ary Nokia is one of the world’s largest cell phone companies who follow a particular customer driven marketing strategy, which can be considered as a model for other company. Nokia segmented the market of world according to their economic condition and then try to targeting as much as they can. Suppose, Nokia itself launch varieties models of mobiles at varieties prices and positioning itself as more for more, the same for less and less for much less. They also try to bring theirRead MoreHow Marketers Target Kids2415 Words   |  10 Pageswidespread public attention in 1999, when a group of U.S. mental health professionals issued a public letter to the American Psychological Association (APA) urging them to declare the practice unethical. The APA is currently studying the issue. Building brand name loyalty Canadian author Naomi Klein tracks the birth of brand marketing in her 2000 book No Logo. According to Klein, the mid-1980s saw the birth of a new kind of corporation—Nike, Calvin Klein, Tommy Hilfiger, to name a few—whichRead MoreStuden Brand Comparison Betwen Apple and Samsung14106 Words   |  57 Pagesdistribution of respondents ................................................. 41 ACKNOWLEDGMENT First, we would like to thank our supervisor, Carl Thunman, for his continuous support and guidance; he has made our work easier and more interesting. We are also thankful for our seminar colleagues for criticizing our work and exchanging constrictive discussions. Finally, we want to thank our beloved families, for helping and supporting us through the last months, without their love and understanding, we wouldn’tRead MoreKfc vs Nandos Marketing Strategy6628 Words   |  27 Pagesand Secondly, to stimulate directly and attract competitor’s customers and finally to establish or modify the business image. In other words, â€Å"advertisements are meant to inform, persuade, remind, influence, change opinions† (White, 1993) Shifting our attention to Kentucky Fried Chicken, we will begin by examining the one advertising strategy which has remained constant and persistent throughout the existence of the Kentucky Fried Chicken brand. â€Å"As early as 1978, Kentucky Fried Chicken advertisementsRead MoreDieting Makes People Fat Essay19490 Words   |  78 Pagesyears old. I went to my brothera in law in Mueng district, Kalasin province, for visiting them. I went by motorcycle. I had travel from home early morning. On the way, my mother called me that where am I arrive now? I had to stop and talk on the phone. Then I put my cellphone in my pocket to keep. Suddenly I knew that my wallet had lost. Although it doesnt have nothing important but it have some money around 140 baht because an important things I kept in my pocket and put it in my suitcase. WHATRead MoreStory: Employment and Job7055 Words   |  29 Pagesthis process, the employer hopes to determine whether or not the applicant is suitable for the role. TYPES OF JOB INTERVIEWS 1. Traditional one on one job interview 2. Panel Job Interview 3. Behavioural Job Interview 4. Group Job Interview 5. Phone Job Interview 6. Lunch Job Interview 1. Traditional one on one job interview This is the traditional one on one interview is where you’re interviewed by a company representative, most likely the manager of the position you are applying for.Read MoreThemes Of Development : Prenatal6705 Words   |  27 Pagesconception when the egg is fertilized by the sperm. Once the ovum is fertilized, the process of mitosis begins, allowing the cells to split and form the human being. Through this process, each parent contributes 23 chromosomes, which are present in every cell of our bodies, and are made up of DNA and genes (Broderick Blewitt, 2015). The genes that we inherit from our parents determine our physical features, such as hair and eye color, and height. Furthermore, the combination of various genes within the

Language and Gender Definitions and Discussions

Language and gender is an interdisciplinary field of research that studies varieties of speech (and, to a lesser extent, writing) in terms of gender, gender relations, gendered practices, and sexuality. In The Handbook of Language and Gender (2003), Janet Holmes and Miriam Meyerhoff discuss the shift that has occurred in the field since the early 1970s--a movement away from essentialist and dichotomous conceptions of gender to a differentiated, contextualized, and performative model which questions generalized claims about gender. What Are Language and Gender Studies? Regarding gender, extensive research on language, culture, and identity has sought to uncover the logic of the encoding of sex differences in languages, to analyze the oppressive implications of ordinary speech, to explain miscommunication between men and women, to explore how gender is constructed and interacts with other identities, and to investigate the role of language in helping establish gender identity [as] part of a broader range of processes through which membership in particular groups is activated, imposed, and sometimes contested through the use of linguistic forms . . . that activate stances ([Alessandro] Duranti 2009: 30-31). Other work explores how language is used to reproduce, naturalize, and contest gender ideologies, drawing from many disciplinary perspectives . . .. Critical discourse, narrative, metaphor, and rhetorical analysis have been used to examine other gendered dimensions of processes of meaning making, such as gender bias in cell biology (Beldecos et al . 1988) and factory farm industry language used to conceal violence (Glenn 2004).(Christine Mallinson and Tyler Kendall, Interdisciplinary Approaches. The Oxford Handbook of Sociolinguistics, ed. by Robert Bayley, Richard Cameron, and Ceil Lucas. Oxford University Press, 2013) Doing Gender We act out gender roles from a continuum of masculine and feminine characteristics; we are therefore gendered and we are involved in the process of our own gendering and the gendering of others throughout our lives. In the field of  gender and language use, this performance of gender is referred to as doing gender. In many ways we are rehearsed into our gender roles, like being prepared for a part in a play: gender is something we do, not something we are (Bergvall, 1999; Butler, 1990). Over our lives and particularly in our early formative years, we are conditioned, prompted and prodded to behave in acceptable ways so that our gender, and our communitys acceptance of it, aligns with our ascribed sex. [S]ome scholars in the field question the distinction that sex is a biological property and gender is a cultural construct, and both terms continue to be contested . . ..(Allyson Julà ©, A Beginners Guide to Language and Gender. Multilingual Matters, 2008) The Dangers of Abstraction Our diagnosis is that gender and language studies suffer from the same problem as that confronting sociolinguistics and psycholinguistics more generally: too much abstraction. Abstracting gender and language from the social practices that produce their particular forms in given communities often obscures and sometimes distorts the ways they connect and how those connections are implicated in power relations, in social conflict, in the production and reproduction of values and plans. Too much abstraction is often symptomatic of too little theorizing: abstraction should not substitute for theorizing but be informed by and responsive to it. Theoretical insight into how language and gender interact requires a close look at social practices in which they are jointly produced. (Sally McConnell-Ginet, Gender, Sexuality, and Meaning: Linguistic Practice and Politics. Oxford University Press, 2011) Background and Evolution of Language and Gender Studies In the United States during the late 1960s and early 1970s, women began to examine and critique societal practices that supported gender discrimination in consciousness-raising groups, in feminist cells, in rallies and media events (see [Alice] Echols, 1989, for a history of the womens movement in the United States). In the academy, women and a few sympathetic men started to examine the practices and methods of their disciplines, subjecting them to similar critiques for similar ends: the elimination of societal inequities based upon gender. The study of language and gender was initiated in 1975 by three books, the latter two of which have continued to significantly influence sociolinguistic work: Male/Female Language (Mary Ritchie Key), Language and Womens Place (Robin Lakoff), and Language and Sex: Difference and Dominance (Barrie Thorne and Nancy Hedley, Eds.). . . . Overly dichotomous ideas of gender pervade Western society in ways that must be challenged. Because, however, it is important that challenging exaggerated notions of difference does not simply result in women assimilating to male, or mainstream, norms, feminist scholars must simultaneously document and describe the value of attitudes and behaviors long considered feminine. In doing so, feminist scholars challenge their exclusive association with women and point out their value for all people.(Rebecca Freeman and Bonnie McElhinny, Language and Gender. Sociolinguistics and Language Teaching, ed. by Sandra Lee McKay and Nacy H. Hornberger. Cambridge University Press, 1996)In the first phase of language/gender research, Many of us were eager to piece together an overall portrayal of differences in the speech of women and men. We invented notions like genderlect to provide overall characterizations of sex differences in speech (Kramer, 1974b; Thorne and Henley, 1975). The genderlect portrayal now seems too abstract and overdrawn, implying that there are differences in the basic codes used by women and men, rather than variably occurring differences, and similarities.(Barrie Thorne, Cheris Kramarae, and Nancy Henley, 1983; quoted by Mary Crawford in Talking Difference: On Gender and Language. SAGE, 1995)Interactional sociolinguistics [IS] serves as one of many theoretical orientations that have been drawn on to investigate gender and communication. The pioneering study of Maltz and Borker (1982) provided a starting point for [Deborah] Tannens (1990, 1994, 1996, 1999) writing on language and gender in which Tannen investigates interactions between women and men as a kind of cross-cultural communication and firmly establishes IS as a useful approach to gendered interaction. Her general audience book You Just Dont Understand (Tannen, 1990) offers insights into everyday communication rituals of speakers of both genders. Much like Lakoffs (1975) Language and Womens Place, Tannens work has fueled both academic and popular interest in the topic. In fact, language and gender research exp loded in the 1990s and continues to be a topic receiving a great deal of attention from researchers using various theoretical and methodological perspectives (Kendall and Tannen, 2001).(Cynthia Gordon, Gumperz and Interactional Sociolinguistics. The SAGE Handbook of Sociolinguistics, ed. by Ruth Wodak, Barbara Johnstone, and Paul Kerswill. SAGE, 2011)Language and gender studies have seen significant expansion to encompass sexual orientation, ethnicity and multilingualism, and, to some extent, class, involving analyses of spoken, written, and signed gendered identities.(Mary Talbot, Language and Gender, 2nd ed. Polity Press, 2010)

The Power of a Man and His Gun Essay - 2756 Words

The Power of a Man and His Gun An Inside look at Robert Wright’s Dave Saunders and America’s Love of Guns New England College of Business and Finance â€Å"The Man Who was Almost a Man† written by Robert Wright, is a fictional story in which we focus on the main character Dave Saunders. Dave is a seventeen year old African American living in a time of racial oppression. When we meet Dave, we learn of his struggles with some fellow field workers and desires more respect as a man. Believing that possession of a firearm will earn him the respect he thinks he deserves, Dave decides to buy a gun. In this story, Wright has created Dave to be facing multiple struggles against the white man. In the story’s setting,†¦show more content†¦The gun debate continues to raise eyebrows in America. And the main question is; why do American’s love guns? As always, there are two sides to every debate. In the expansive country that we live in, it’s quite understandable that there are going to be many different cultures and backgrounds in the mix. The debate over guns is no different. An example of these different views came into play debate between Representatives in 2000 between Adam Schiff (D. California) and Brad Carson(D. Oklahoma.) Both were asked a question about the gun issue in America, there responses were: Schiff: ‘When people think about guns, it’s not so much about hunting or self-protection, it’s more about gang violence and drive-by shootings, about someone going into a day-care center in Granada Hills and shooting a bunch of kids, or going into a school in Stockton and shooting kids,† Schiff said. Carson: ‘In my home district, when people think about guns, it’s also not that much about hunting or self-protection. It’s about Lexington and Concord.’ This simple point of view shows how America sees guns differently. In Schiff’s point, he sees them as causing harm and pain for unjust reasons. Carson sees guns as a point of defense, pride and part of American heritage. In today’s age we are constantly seeing violence on television. FromShow MoreRelated Man Who Was Almost a Man Essay653 Words   |  3 Pages What does it mean to be a man? How does one qualify for the title? Is the term man simply referring to male human beings, or does it hold a greater measure of meaning in society. In order to get more insight into this subject matter, I consulted, The Tormont Websters Encyclopedic Dictionary. As I anticipated, the first definition for man stated as following: An adult human being as distinguished from a female. This definition, did not surprise me, but what did ,was what followed it , itRead MoreThe Man Who Was Almost A Man Character Analysis1496 Words   |  6 Pagesof good fiction would be â€Å"The Man Who Was Almost a Man† by Richard Wright. Wright’s main character Dave possesses the three necessities that would make him a convincing character where Dave’s behavior is consistent, his words and actions spring from motivation, and he is a character who you would believe is real. â€Å"The Man Who Was Almost a Man† by Richard Wright is a story about a young boy who wants to become a man and believes that if you have a gun you are a man. Dave, the young boy, is a characterRead MoreThe Man Who Was Almost A Man947 Words   |  4 PagesThe Man Who Was Almost a Man Wright’s Story, â€Å"The Man Who Was Almost a Man† is a unique story of a man who is perpetually stuck in a state of juvenoia. Wright’s story is a more interesting one where we have a character that is underdeveloped socially, intellectually, and emotionally. Dave Sanders, â€Å"this man-child†, searches for his identity in the South as a sharecropper, an economic situation that erases personal identity through impoverishment. Dave, an uneducated and immature child sharecroppingRead MoreThe Man Who Was Almost A Man Analysis784 Words   |  4 Pagesadults because they see adults as people with power and people who are respected, while teenagers feel like no one respects them or takes their opinions seriously. These teenagers dream to become adults, but due to their lack of responsibility and thinking about their actions becoming adults becomes increasingly difficult and while reaching adulthood they struggle greatly. In â€Å"The Man Who Was Almost a Ma n† by Richard Wright the author presents the power and respect that many teenagers dream to achieveRead MoreComing of Age in The Man Who was Almost a Man by Richard White Dave562 Words   |  3 PagesThe Man Who Was Almost a Man What does it mean for someone to become a man? How does one get the key or password to becoming a man? Some believe that becoming a man is just referring to a coming of age, and it somewhat is, however there is more. In the short story â€Å"The Man Who Was Almost a Man† by Richard white, Dave, the main character is a young boy trying to become a man and is searching for the key. However, there are certain ways to do things in society, and there are ways to not, and bothRead MoreTax Proposal Analysis1134 Words   |  5 Pagesincome families. It will bring down corporate tax rates. It will modernize the international tax system. â€Å"Its a great day in moving in the right direction for middle income tax cuts,† says Steve Mnuchin. Amendment 16 talks about how Congress has power to collect tax on incomes. They can collect tax from anywhere the money was made without giving it to other states. This article connects to the Sixteenth Amendment because Amendment 16 says that Congress can apply a income tax and the Senate is writingRead More A Feminist Reading of The Last of the Mohicans Essay979 Words   |  4 PagesLa Longue Carabine by his enemies.   The scout symbolizes the greatest male power in the novel, and he is therefore the greatest protector of the women as well.    As the size of the weapons of the other characters decreases, so too does their generative power.   Only slightly shorter than the scout in weapon length are Uncas and Chingachgook, who, while carrying knives, also brandish long hunting rifles. Uncas is the closest to the scout in length, for he carries his former rifle-hearing aRead More An Analysis of Poems 585 and 754 Essay992 Words   |  4 Pagesbrings to life two inanimate objects, a train and a gun, both of which perform actions that are useful to man. Though these items cannot act on their own, Dickinson’s diction provides them with their own movements, characteristics, and feelings. In poem 585, a train’s daily journey is given a meaning beyond that of a cold, iron machine when Dickinson describes its animal qualities to show its strength, stubbornness, and perseverance. In poem 754, a gun is portrayed as a protective, devoted servant. InRead MoreThe Desert Is No Place For A Man And Cormac Mccarthy1256 Words   |  6 PagesThe desert is no place for a man and Cormac McCarthy makes that perfectly clear from the onset of Blood Meridian. At first, it’s hard to tell which will be more desolate and brutal: the environment or the men that traverse it. However, McCarthy initially seems to establish that unbridled nature will triumph over man every time regardless of the circumstance. If nature is God, then man is hopeless to stand against it. Yet McCarthy makes an important distinction between nature as it exists in the wildRead MoreSummary Of Richard Wright s The Of The Man Who Was Almost A Man 1031 Words   |  5 Pages224 10 November 2015 The Struggle to Manhood In the world of â€Å"The Man Who Was Almost a Man†, Dave is the seventeen year old main character and narrator of Richard Wright’s short story. Dave is an African American sharecropper who lives with his family on a white plantation owner’s land. Set in the Jim Crow South, independence is a trait that not many Americans possess. Under Jim Crow laws, the status of an African American man is undermined. It is humiliating to many of the men it affects because

Negotiation free essay sample

The informational structure of the case was divided into common information shared between two groups consisting of three negotiators each. In addition, each group was given its own discrete brief. The purpose of exercise was to successfully negotiate an optimal outcome for each of the groups. The case itself, as the name suggests, was based on naming rights of the Veterans Memorial Stadium at River City in the USA. The stadium had a long history of public and University patronage, but over the years became less used by the public schools due to the school having their own fields. The University eventually became the primary users of the field and subsequently the City reflecting on the high cost of maintaining the facility decided to sell the stadium to the University for $1, with the expressed term in the deed of sale, that the City must be consulted over any name changing in relation to the stadium. We will write a custom essay sample on Negotiation or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The Stadium became the home football stadium for the River City University Eagles football team. The University after some time wanted to rename the stadium after their highly regarded retired football coach Roger Hardy. The renaming would not only honour the coach, but in addition, would result in a wealthy donor pledge of $91,250 to the University. The proposed new name of the stadium was the ‘Roger Hardy – Veterans Memorial Stadium’. Due to the unwillingness of the City to change the name of the stadium, the University proceeded to rename the field only to Roger Hardy Field. The University did so acting under state rules which allowed a Chancellor to name facilities that were less than an entire building (such as rooms, wings, or exterior plazas) without approval from anyone else. Subsequently lawsuits were filed against the University. Both parties eventually hoped to negotiate an out-of-court settlement through their designated negotiators. The main parties to the case were the Veterans who saturated the local population of River City (pop. 51,000), accounting for approximately 10 percent of the population and the River City University. There was also a large military base in the area. The Veterans were represented at the negotiation table by professional negotiators acting through the City Council. Our team performed the role of the negotiators representing the Veterans interests but employed by The City (The Negotiators). The University negotiators were accountable to a wealthy donor and also accountable to the City through a contractual arrangement regarding the naming of the stadium when the University took possession of it in 1980. The University being a public institution is also indirectly accountable to the veterans as well as to the other citizen groups Negotiation Unfolding The prelude to the negotiation was based on preliminary reading of the case and internal group discussion. Initially the group was interested in understanding the parties or performing a self-assessment and ‘other party’ assessment. As part of the self-assessment The Negotiators sorted through the key facts to assist building a cohesive assessment of the situation. This involved determining our negotiation goal, or as describe by Thompson (2012) answering the ‘what do I want’ question. The Negotiators were principally interested in representing the interests of the Veterans acting through the City with the objective of satisfying the need of honouring the Veterans. In moving towards negotiating a successful outcome it is critical to determine the Veterans Best Alternative To No Agreement (BATNA). Negotiators should be willing to accept any set of terms superior to their BATNA and reject outcomes that are worse than their BATNA. The BATNA of the City Negotiators was for the City to pursue legal action to repossess the stadium and the surrounding land based on the University’s violation of the City’s right to name the property as specified in the Bill of Sale. Secondary options were available to the City to coerce the University to submit to the City’s needs. These included implementing various other non legal recourses such as: 1. Refusal to sell land outside memorial park. 2. Refusal to demolish existing facility. 3. Veterans Picketing. It is important to note at this point that many negotiators seek to negotiate a deal from the perspective of trying to get what they want. This perspective can be limiting in optimising the outcome. It is just as important to understand the interests and motivations of the other party. The need and the desire of the parties to transact will dictate whether a deal can be done and on what terms. Both parties in this situation ranked high in both the need and desire to transact, not only from the perspective of the ongoing relationship between the Veterans, City and University, but also due to the immediate concerns surrounding the donors funds for the University and honouring the Veterans through the naming of the Stadium. A key element of the situation assessment was the risk analysis. Acting as The Negotiators it was clear that if we were unsuccessful, one of the key risks was our possible termination of employment. This was due to the power of the Veteran’s to nominate candidates to replace Common Council members and also their ability to oppose any re-election bid by the mayor in the next City elections. If the Mayor was defeated the City Negotiators would lose their positions. Acting as The Negotiators, we clearly had a vested interest in a successful outcome to the negotiations. An additional risk to the City occurred in the event of having to pursue further legal action against the University. This situation would arise if the City was to threaten repossession of the stadium as a last resort measure to ensure that the stadium name remained Veterans Memorial Stadium. The repercussions of such an action would be that the City viewed the maintenance of the facility as a financial burden, and was probably not prepared to take on the expense associated with maintaining the facility. Therefore, this option was more mere puff and not a viable option. Ethically this could be seen as detrimental for the City to pursue this course of action and an abuse of their legitimate powers. Party Positions The position of the City representing the Veterans interests covered a number of points relating to the naming issue of the stadium, which are as follows: a) Retain the name of ‘Veterans Memorial Stadium’ and not to have it renamed to the ‘Roger Hardy – Veterans War Memorial’. b) The ‘Roger Hardy Field ‘sign was to be removed. c) Requirement that any new stadium built is also name after the Veterans Memorial Stadium. The City Negotiators approach in relation to the positions above was an integrative bargaining style seeking to maximise the benefit for both parties. The case notes succinctly describe the pros and cons of integrative bargaining and highlights; that integrative bargaining mutually entwines the fate of the parties. What this is specifically referring to is that; mutual success will be achieved if the negotiation succeeds or alternatively the parties face a common fate if they fail. The opposite approach which could have been used is the fix-pie model or distributive model. This model suggests there is a limit or finite amount in the object being distributed amongst the people involved. The University position was to change the name of the Veterans Memorial Stadium to the ‘Roger Hardy – Veterans Memorial Stadium’. Due to the Veterans uproar in relation to this change and subsequent changing of the name of the field to the ‘Roger Hardy Field’, the Universities position was to maintain the name of the field. Their argument for maintaining the name change of the field was based on their understanding of the legal issues surrounding the case. The University believed they were acting within their legal obligations surrounding the naming terms contained within the deed of sale and state rules allowing a Chancellor to name facilitates (with conditions). Party Interests The Veterans interests were to be able to continue to honor the Veterans through the stadium name. The Universities interests were to honour their coach Roger Hardy and to receive the donation. There was a stark contrast between the negotiating parties, in terms of variation in the nature of the party’s interests from a values and interests perspective. The Veterans positioning was a values based perspective, which was as the case suggested ‘matters of principle’. The underlying interest of the veterans group was to honour their fallen comrades for the benefit of the families of those who served during wartime. The University position was aligned with an interest based approach. The Universities interest was twofold, with the requirement to not only satisfy the donor to enable the University to receive a substantial amount of funds, but also to honour their previous football coach, Roger Hardy. Which was more important to the University, the money or honouring the coach? It could be possible that the renaming of the stadium was a means to an end to receive the additional funds, or alternatively it could have been the cases that a genuine desire to honour the coach was a priority. Perhaps a combination of the two. The scenario which played out between the varying interests of the University and the Veterans Association is not uncommon, where one side may perceive the conflict as a rivalry for resources and the other side may view it as a matter of principle. Understanding the Universities motivations is imperative in being able to optimise the egotiation process. Typically parties interested in additional resources are more open to concessions than parties such as the Veteran seeking to hold the line in relation to a deeply held value. The willingness of the University Negotiators to make concessions was apparent throughout the negotiation process. This willingness was overt and appeared very early in the negotiation process. I would hold this as a cr iticism of the other parties approach in that they were perhaps too keen to make concessions early in the negotiation process before listening to our position. It appeared as if they had decided on their strategy and executed without consideration to our position on the day. Perhaps the group were executing a similar scenario to that which may have prompted Napoleon Bonaparte to make the comments in the opening advice. Positional and Interest Based Bargaining Distinguishing between positions and interests in understanding the dynamics of the negotiation process and its impact on the negotiated outcome is significant. It is useful firstly to understand what the terms positional and interest based bargaining refer to. A position is the stance you take on a specific subject. Positional bargaining focuses on â€Å"the what† in a negotiation. Those using this approach are seeking to get what they want, without disclosing their motive, and often disregarding the needs of the other side in order to reap the biggest gain. Positional bargaining is distributive, does not create value, and often even leaves value on the table. An interest on the other hand, is both an objective and/or a need. Interest Based Bargaining focuses on â€Å"the why† in a negotiation. This method opens the door for an integrative approach to negotiation, where both sides work together to find the best solution for all parties involved. In the process, they may create value through their collaborative efforts. The Universities initial alignment was both positional and interest based. Positional from the perspective of focusing on ‘the what’ in relation to the renaming of the stadium and ‘the why’ was covered in their focus on the rationale for their wish, which was based on their need to honour the coach. It could however be argued that perhaps it was more positional which was highlighted by the lack of information surrounding the donor pledge during the early stages of the negotiation process and purely focused on their naming requirements and honouring the coach. Perhaps the Universities true interests were disclosed later in the process as the Universities wish to honour their retired coach Roger Hardy and receive the donor pledge. The Veterans interests were well known from the outset (to honour the Veterans). Reflections of a Negotiation Our group’s negotiated result was considered a success. The actual result that was achieved between the both parties was as follows: 1. University agree to keep the stadium name as it is and agree not to name the field Roger Hardy Field. 2. Set up of independent committee to oversee the future naming rights of the veterans, with exclusion clauses. Consists of Uni board members and veterans. Committee primarily concerned with naming of the facility. Individual buildings renaming must go to through Committee. 3. Uni was to renaming an annual cup Roger Hardy Cup. 4. Building of new facility the name with remain the same. Prior to entering into the negotiation room our group The Negotiators had identified the following possible set of solutions with a number various combinations achievable. Satisfying the veterans 1. Name a street within the complex. 2. Build a memorial – including all veteran’s names. 3. Honouring the veterans – veteran’s trophy cup. 4. University payments to veterans over time. Satisfying University 1. Veteran’s making an annual donation to the University 2. Negotiate with the Donor 3. Like NAB Cup. Roger Hardy Cup. In critically reflecting on our performance I would suggest that we had limited success in expanding the pie and therefore see that this would have been an area for improvement. The group certainly delivered on what was our top priority regarding the naming rights issue, but perhaps there were further opportunities to deliver additional benefits for the parties. For example, perhaps there would have been the opportunity for financial support to be received by the Veterans from the University in the form of ongoing donations. Another alternative is perhaps contributions given by the Veterans to the University in the event that the donor’s pledge was forfeit if the negotiation has taken a different path. In closing, the exercise was very useful in gaining both practical and theoretical exposure to the negotiation process within the relative safety of the class room.

Management’s Role in Mitigating Negative Effects of Restructuring Essay Sample free essay sample

SecondWC is an organisation that is spread outing and is accordingly undergoing some structural accommodations. These alterations are ; switching of duties of staff. retrenchment and centralisation of the client attention section. The organisation is making the restructuring with the purpose of increasing its productiveness and rectifying the job of overstaffing. Retrenchment of employees will cut down costs while keeping efficiency of work force. This is because in a state of affairs where employees are more than needed. they do non bring forth to their optimum degree and yet the organisation has to run into the cost of compensating them. This puts the organisation wage for labour non good utilised. The centralisation of the client attention section makes it independent from the others and consequences in some employees switching while others are being laid off. The alterations have been made all of a sudden and have been met with opposition but have been met with opposition by some while some have accepted it. We will write a custom essay sample on Management’s Role in Mitigating Negative Effects of Restructuring Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Those in understanding position it as a move that will better communications good as squad work. The sudden alterations seem to hold met the employees by surprise hence their reaction. I have been allocated a new function as the client service director as a consequence of the alterations and would wish to rede the CEO of SWC on how best she could hold handled this state of affairs while doing certain those employees. clients and the community are satisfied with the result or while minimising the negative effects that come with such alterations. This will be of import because it is what will be used in the future enlargements of SWC. Prior to such an of import corporate alteration. the Chief executive officer should hold made certain that the members of staff had been communicated to about the possible alterations. The sudden alterations seem to hold caught the employees by surprise. Disclosure of the re-organization should hold taken topographic point manner before being effected because employees have a manner of acquiring escapes from rumour mongerers ( Winkler. B. F. ( 2003 ) ) . This makes the employees dying and besides makes them lose the morale to work because they have information in spots and may assume themselves unfortunate plenty to acquire laid away. The direction is obliged to pass on to their employees. clients and the community as a whole because they all contribute to the production of the organisation. It should salvage the entities afore mentioned from guess because rumours are in most instances inaccurate and they form the footing on which the employees react. Extenuation attempts are necessa ry because communicating non decently handled could hold desperate effects to the organisation such as devastation and hooliganism of organisation assets every bit good as sabotage by staff. Open communicating. even of unpleasant intelligence. is really important particularly when done in a forum that is all inclusive. Employees should be made to understand how the restructuring of sections is traveling to impact them and they should besides travel through an orientation plan to assist them grok their new functions. Harmonizing to Joel H. Head and James this makes the employees feel involved and like their sentiments affair in the organisation hence cut downing the opportunities of holding discontented employees. Restructuring in most instances ineluctable and is given different footings such as re-organizing. down sizing or right size ( Joel H. Head. 1989 ) . Though it has its challenges. it besides can be really good to the organisation in footings of a decrease in costs which translates to higher production. The decentalisation of the client service section is advantageous because harmonizing to Victor H. Pooler and David J. Pooler â€Å"Employees can be assigned the undertakings for which they are best suited† . Further. he adds that keeping greater control over entire committedness of the single sections is made possible. In consideration of the former point. the employees now produce to their greatest potency which will reflect positively in the production. Another advantage is that answerability and transparence are observed as a consequence of sections being independent. Preciseness is observed because smaller entities are accounted for. Communication consequences become mensurable and the new sections become accountable such that it is possible to do a judgement that is non impaired because the assessments act as testimonies ( Kenneth P. De Meuse. and Mitchell Lee Marks. 2003 ) . I would wish to suggest personal assessment of employee public presentation. after which such an action can be undertaken. This would ease path recording and besides would supply a agency by which to find who is to be laid off or which forces is best suited for which section. With the assessments in topographic point. fewer employees would experience like they have been below the belt dismissed. As a human resource director. I would rede on the importance of managing the re-trenched staff by get downing an outplacement support undertaking whose aim is to do the out- traveling forces feel like the organisation still cares for them. Another function that this outplacement would play would be supplying preparation that would increase their opportunities of set downing other occupations. It would besides be an avenue for supplying their information to our affiliate companies therefore moving as referees and increasing opportunities of these employees acquiring hired. This would cut down the defeat that frequently befalls laid off staff because harmonizing to Yvette Trotman. an organisational adviser. â€Å"a individual who has lost their occupation feels rejected and abandoned by their employer. They are caught in the loss/growth of a heartache rhythm where they have to do sense out of the yesteryear and what the hereafter has in shop for them. † Those who are being laid off feel like they were non good plenty and may frequently inquire what standard was used in acquiring them. On the other manus the staying staff feels insecure and guilty of staying after their co-workers have packed their bags. A one-on-one calling guidance of the subsisters would be necessary because after such a annihilating corporate alteration. they would necessitate to be counseled so as to set to normal working concern. The same would besides be of importance to the surpassing employees because it would see to it that every one’s demand is met. ( Pikula. Deborah A. ( 1999 ) . Making an outplacement plan for the outgoing employees and set uping a workshop for the subsister employees. diffuses the hurtful and guilty feelings likely to be felt by both parties. It reduces opportunities of the organization’s repute acquiring tainted and prevents besides loss of belongings. Frequent public presentation assessments are good because they guide the direction on prompt actions like demotions. displacement of duties or even the puting off of workers. The assessments validate any action. impacting the employees. taken by direction for illustration departmental alterations. Communication that is made in the most believable mode to all employees in all sections. leads to a state of affairs where the staff would non hold a ground to be disgruntled with the determinations made. The communicating should be done through a plan that is unfastened to all workers and whose content is the same ( Kenneth P. De Meuse. and Mitchell Lee Marks. 2003 ) . Uniformity of the con tents protects the workers from experiencing prejudiced by the organization’s determination shapers. I would wish to suggest that the direction makes programs of giving rupture payments to the work force that is go forthing the organisation. With such deliberations. an organisation is classified as one that minds the public assistance of its employees. ( Pikula. Deborah A. ( 1999 ) . Therefore it additions the assurance of both the clients and the community. paving manner for high production because investors are willing to set their money in the organisation by manner of puting. ‘Survivor’ employees should besides hold calling and vocational preparations so that they may be good equipped. This heightens the morale of employees and makes them increase their degree of committedness to their occupation ( Pikula. Deborah A. ( 1999 ) ) . It makes them content and they ever seek to protect the organisation in add-on to following all the ordinances for case maintaining clip and protecting the repute of the organisation. Change direction is a procedure that affects many people get downing from the employees. the clients and the community. Before shiping on it the direction needs to be after or hold a duologue sing it. Handled good reconstituting would take to the work force presenting consequences and impeling the organisation to higher degrees of production. The Chief executive officer has the responsibility to pass on the alterations on clip because communicating is the most of import tool in set uping alteration. She has the function of doing SWC’s direction feel like they own the company. She should picture assurance that such a alteration will give the coveted consequences. Change is inevitable because planetary competition is ever high and to be at per with other organisations an organisation has to camouflage and suit with the times. For case we are at a epoch where engineering keeps germinating. This calls for major accommodations because some of the alterations involve replacing of hu man labour with machinery ensuing to loss of occupations. It is of import for SWC to set into consideration the importance of affecting all employees and besides puting out the importance of the alterations before traveling in front with the re-organization. Mentions: =

Ensure Safety And Security Within Suburbs Social Policy Essays

Ensure Safety And Security Within Suburbs Social Policy Essays Ensure Safety And Security Within Suburbs Social Policy Essay Ensure Safety And Security Within Suburbs Social Policy Essay The sense of security and wellbeing that gated communities provide for their occupants far out-weigh any negative effects on the broader urban community. Discourse this claim. Contemporary gated communities were ab initio found in the United States, and have spread throughout the universe to guarantee safety and security within suburbs, chiefly dividing the rich from the hapless. As Minton ( 2009, p.61 ) inside informations, gated communities are non merely an American phenomenon, they flourish in states with utmost wealth inequalities and societal divisions, such as South America, South Africa and parts of south-east Asia, India and China, where societies were exposed to extreme capitalist economy. A gated community is a signifier of residential community or lodging estate incorporating purely controlled entrywaies, and are frequently characterised by a closed margin of walls and fencings. In some cases within the confines of these communities, there may be fitness Centres, shopping Centres, pools, lakes or other recreational activities. These bastioned enclaves are frequently occupied by the upper-class who wish to see a peaceable scene, accompanied by a sense of security. Gated communities can be found all over the Earth and can be established for several different grounds dependent upon the location, societal economic position every bit good as its yesteryear and present political history in some instances. For illustration, gated communities in South Africa will function a different intent than those located in America or Australia. One factor that is common amongst most community gardens is that they provide a higher criterion of place quality and stricter edifice codifications that promote uniformity in design ( Jurgens A ; Gnad 2001, p.351 ) . The pick of an person to busy a belongings in a gated community reflects certain issues that may be associated with the country such as offense, larceny, traffic, and in some cases a loss of sense of community. These communities besides create a scarceness consequence, with by and large merely a few places going available for sale at the same clip. Some residents may have one belonging s for personal usage, every bit good as having several others to lease out for and investing. There are a figure of grounds why persons feel the demand to travel into gated communities. Blakely and Snyder survey ( cited in Grant A ; Mittelsteadt 2004, p.915 ) , identified three types of gated communities ; lifestyle, prestigiousness and security zone communities. These classs represent the ideal types that serve peculiar markets. The lifestyle typology of gated communities emphasizes common comfortss and caters to a leisure category with shared involvements. This type of enclave may appeal to those who have entered retirement and necessitate certain age related composites. They besides frequently feature golf classs or state nines. The gated community that is referred as holding a prestigiousness label by Blakely and Snyder ( Grant A ; Mittelsteadt 2004 ) reflects desire for image, privateness and control. They reflect wealth and category within the greater community. This type of community focal points on exclusivity over community, and merely contains minimum shared installations. The prestigiousness enclave will by and large be used by the rich and celebrated or the upper in-between category of society, that wish to hold restricted entree with the extra pick of restrained security. These enclaves are frequently located in premier existent estate locations. The concluding type of community that Blakely and Snyder ( Grant A ; Mittelsteadt 2004 ) refer to as security zones, reflect countries that are associated with heavy offense, and are normally located within less developed and less socio economic communities. These bastioned suburban communities reflect a strong sense of fright and, as Durington ( 2009, p.73 ) inside informations, are characterised by a figure of security setups including roar Gatess, high walls, razor wires, electric fencings, ever-present guards and are connected with armed response security companies. The one job that is associated with high security zones is that they cause a break to the traffic flow that was one time able to go freely through these suburbs, therefore impacting the broader urban community negatively. In less developed parts of the universe such as South Africa, the usage of a gated community is different to the manner that a more developed part uses them for. In a survey conducted by ( Jurgens A ; Gnad 2001, p.339 ) there are a figure of graphs bespeaking the development of offense in South Africa over about a 25 twelvemonth period. It displays three graphs, the first indicating assault and robbery, the 2nd indicating colza and slaying, and the 3rd depicting break-in and a larceny of motor vehicles. All the graphs from the survey display an upward, increasing tendency, bespeaking that the figure of violent incidents happening is obviously non worsening. Now more than of all time, South Africans are experiencing a sense of insecurity. Well over half of the population in South Africa experience very insecure in their night-time residential country and merely a one-fourth feel very safe in their daytime residential countries ( Lemanski 2005, p.400 ) . These consequences collected from a figure of studies indicate why there is an increasing tendency of gated communities emerging in South Africa and developing states. Blakely and Snyder s ( 1997 ) theory of the different types of gated communities in the US, can be built upon, and the type of enclave referred to as a security zone can be applied to the state of affairs that is present in South Africa. An addition in politically motivated agitation of the black population against the apartheid system in the mid 1980s has triggered a paranoia of personal insecurity and political uncertainness every bit good as the development of assorted building steps designed to protect citizens in preponderantly white metropoliss ( Jurgens A ; Gnad 2001, p.339 ) . This sense of insecurity has encouraged the production and outgrowth of gated communities in South Africa. A bulk of the dwellers in these enclaves are occupied by the white upper category demographic, nevertheless as the research conducted by Taleb ( Durington 2009, p.74 ) provinces, Durban is alone, and has one of the lone gated communities populated to a great extent by Indians. By holding a racia l and cultural mix within a community can impact the community negatively, and can take to differences or force within a community therefore, get the better ofing the intent of why they were originally established. Gated communities in South Africa are frequently used to suit the on the job category or people who play of import functions within the authorities, or in some cases even going concern work forces who require a safe and unafraid topographic point for adjustment. The tendency of gated communities emerging has created increased occupation chances for the wider populace. It has been implied ( Grant and Mittelsteadt 2004 ) that developers see gated undertakings as an of import niche selling scheme in a competitory environment, by aiming consumers that are seeking for community, individuality, and security. It besides produces chances for companies involved in private security and substructure such as security guards, fence, Gatess, and so on. Whilst the constabulary can be trusted and effectual in most of the developed parts around the Earth, this is non the instance with topographic points such as South Africa. Basically, as Durington ( 2009, p.77 ) stated there is a general perceptual experience that the constabulary are non effectual in forestalling offense and that they are reactive instead than proactive. Due to scarce Numberss, the constabulary are by and large more occupied by life endangering offenses, instead than policing a gated comm unity. This is why there is a strong demand for private security within South Africa. The internal administration within a secure enclave is critical for its operation and the proprietors of belongings within a compound are obliged to stay by behavior regulations, which is the Sectional Titles Act of 1986 ( Jurgens A ; Gnad 2001, p.350 ) . This act implements regulations curtailing residents to modify their edifices in certain ways. Once an dweller purchases a belongings they are required to follow the regulations and ordinances. They are besides required to pay for the extra comfortss associated within the community such as disposal, nurserymans and security, and to boot as Webster and Lai ( Grant A ; Mittelsteadt 2004, p. 923 ) indicate, in some 3rd universe states, the private enclaves may supply H2O or other vital services which are non available from public governments. The usage of fright in the media is used as an plus in Durban, South Africa. As Durington ( 2009 ) provinces in his reading, sensational headlines depicting offense narrations fuel newspaper gross revenues and thrust place purchases in secured estates . Many occupants of gated communities live in one belongings but ain several more as investings which are frequently leased out to the populace. These fear tactics are working as people put their safety and wellbeing foremost in their lives. These tactics are besides being used all around the universe, and are normally used in political runs. The function and map of a gated community in more developed western states differs greatly, in contrast to those associated with the underdeveloped universe. Having a high security zone is still of import but is non every bit critical as many western states have stable authoritiess and lower offense rates which are less barbarous. Many of the enclaves which are established in wealthier states tend to fall into the typography that Blakely and Snyder s survey ( cited in Grant A ; Mittelsteadt 2004 ) refer to as lifestyle and prestige gated communities. The primary focal point within these enclaves is on the exclusivity, community, shared installations and leisure instead than security guards being on patrol around the streets. In Australia, some of the characteristics that attracted occupants to gated communities was the handiness to public conveyance and installations such as pools, tennis tribunals, paseos, every bit good as restricted entree to the enclaves understating the hazar d of autos rushing or as Kenna ( 2010 ) describes vehicles hooning past occupants houses. Concentrating on an Australian context, the sense of security that is wanted by occupants does nt necessitate to be to the same extent of that in South Africa. Australia faces junior-grade offenses such as graffito, hooliganism, housebreakings. Kenna ( 2010 ) continues to explicate that there was a drug flop in Macquarie Links, a gated community, which is located in the Sydney metropolitan part around 30 km south-west of Sydney Central Business District ( CBD ) . This is uncomparable to the offenses which occur in less developed parts of the universe where force, colza, auto jackings, slaying and assault are following an increasing tendency. On a local graduated table Adelaide contains gated communities as good. Some may non look to hold a direct correlativity to the specific features of what is described as a gated community, such as incorporating a noticeable fencing and gate, but they are still exclusionary infinites, with restricted traffic flow and incorporate a community atmosphere. Mawson Lakes can be described as a gated community within Adelaide, South Australia. It contains one primary entryway with Mawson Lakes printed upon a welcoming wall and creates a distinguishable barrier of the enclave by strategic arrangements of trees environing the propinquity. Whilst there is no prevailing gate excepting the general public upon come ining, the Mawson Lakes web site ( 2011 ) inside informations that it contains installations such as shopping composites, eating houses, unfastened infinites, athleticss and recreational activities, every bit good as a robust public transit system. These are all characteristics that Bla kely and Snyder ( Grant A ; Mittelsteadt 2004 ) refer to as the features that contribute to doing a gated community. Many of the bastioned enclaves established around Australia use a different method of disincentive to seek and avoid unwanted individual from come ining upon natural inherent aptitude. Alternatively of environing the enclave with blazing security mechanisms, the expressed show of wealth can be used as an effectual hindrance impeding the person s determination devising procedure by uncertainty as to rights of entree ( Rofe 2006, p.316 ) . Chiefly this technique is used to make a segregation with the external populace and to make an exclusionary infinite chiefly for those who are involved within the communities such as Macquarie Links and Mawson Lakes. Some other Techniques that can be used to carry through this sense of an exclusionary infinite is the usage of lakes or rivers environing an enclave instead than a fencing. This can be seen in many constitutions located around the West Lakes precinct in South Australia, where the traffic flow is limited due to complex street programs wit h many dead terminals to promote one primary entry and issue point to entree the development. With gated communities comes some minor negatives which impact the greater urban community more than those who are populating within the enclave. Obviously, gated communities have a really unsafe societal consequence. Gating Acts of the Apostless as a boundary line between the public and private systems and helps to break up a metropolis, and as stated by Grant A ; Mittelsteadt ( 2004, p.926 ) in the largest enclaves, occupants may virtually splinter from public life outside . In many instances the general populace are denied entree to public substructures and infinites when the Gatess are locked. Additionally, there are divisions between those outside and those inside the Gatess. As the article,Effectss of Gated Communities on the Surrounding Community( 2010 ) explains, economic disparities can happen within a secured community due to the money circling within the Gatess doing less opportunity for growing and development for the outside community, which may do several arguments to originate. These bastioned enclaves can besides hold a negative impact on belongings values around the neighbouring belongingss. The ground why these gated communities are so hard to seek blessing for is due to a figure of grounds, many of which affect the general populace. Some of the grounds are due to the limitations that affect public traffic, obstructions for fire brigades and exigency services, waste aggregation, and public public-service corporations such as H2O and electricity supply ( Jurgens A ; Gnad 2001, p.343 ) . Additionally, the general populace has expressed their concern in several topographic points about the image of gated communities. A bulk of the population see gated communities as, ugly or primitive, along with being a violation of public infinite, and doing isolation from one s neighbors, and it has been expressed that people walking about certain gated communities can experience under threat ( Hirt A ; Petrovic 2010, p.16 ) . An addition in the sense of insecurity in certain parts of the universe has driven the development of gated communities. These bastioned enclaves bring significant benefits for those involved and merely impact the broader urban community on a minor graduated table. In the development states, with high barbarous offense rates, gated communities can be in many instances the difference between life and decease. These enclaves use major security setup to protect those who are within the walls. If the residents are willing to pay for the sense of security, they should non be criticised for making so. However, in developed states, where there are chiefly petty offenses such as graffito, hooliganism or robberies, such as Australia, gated communities should be kept to a bare lower limit. In the Australian context, these enclaves should non let to be surrounded by a big fencing, coercing more sub developments to be established, instead than specific gated communities. There is non a signific ant sum of offense that warrants these types of enclosed communities to be developed within Australia. The benefits associated with gated communities in high offense rate, and low socio economic countries decidedly outweigh the negatives that are placed upon the wider urban community and should be permitted to be established where necessary.

Im not sure about the topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Im not sure about the topic - Essay Example The Dell brand (former PC Limited) is known for reasonably priced desktop computers as well as for the method of putting together computer systems once the client has ordered certain specifications. Apple has different models of desktop computers together with their accessories. Dell has Intel as well as AMD processors to efficiently carry out its tasks to the satisfaction of the user. However, an Apple has the processor with the specification MOS 6502, 1.0MHz. This is in line with their accompanied lofty dispensing rate (Stanley 435). Dell dimension 2100 1.1G Memory has 256 MB SDRM memory. On the other hand, Apple eMac (M9834L/A) Memory Upgrade has a base memory of 256 GB (removable) and a maximum memory of 1.0 GB with two sockets of memory slots (Stanley 14). This facilitates its diverse operation processes. They range in their capacity to store data with each desktop having different specification. For instance, a Dell computer system has a lower storage capacity when compared with an Apple workstation. An Apple computer system can work best when dealing with enormous information that requires storage. Both are of high sophistication. Concurrently, they give quality output with Apple producing soaring output to the satisfaction of the

Are DNA Databases crossing the Line Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Are DNA Databases crossing the Line - Essay Example 122). Initially, DNA samples were only collected from criminals arrested in connection of felonious nature, but the courts now target DNA collection from every arrested citizen connected with any federal crime commission. Furthermore, more DNA samples will be collected from all immigrants who are under the custody of federal authorities. When this gets fully affected, these genetic identifiers will be increased at a rate of one million persons per year to the already culturing DNA database held by the various law enforcement organs of the federal jurisdiction (Kaye, 2006, pp. 74). As a result of this broad based approach, many contentions and disagreements have been raised and it seems this is just the beginning of a much larger scheme intended to privately scrutinize people without their prior knowledge. This paper therefore endeavors to make an insight into these fundamental factors among other issues revolving around the question of DNA databanks to find out their relevance or irreleva nce in relation to human and constitution rights’ protection guidelines. United Kingdom was the first government to set up a national government database in April 1995 using the SGM- Second Generation Multiplex DNA profiling system and from 1998 adopted the SGM+ system. By the end of 2005, the database had accumulated more than 3.1 million profiles, of which about 585,000 belonged to children below 16 years of age (Leigh, 2004, pp. 23). Towards the end of 2006, the database contained over 4 million records, becoming the largest DNA database in the world at the time. Furthermore, it is estimated that this figure is increasing at a rate of thirty thousand DNA samples every month. Most of these samples are accrued from scenes of crimes as well as those collected by police from arrested suspect. This was followed by New Zealand and in 1998 France set its

How to Plan an Essay

How to Plan an Essay Writing the Draft Building Confidence The most important thing, when one starts writing the first draft is to start it with the confidence that it is not a difficult task. In order to start writing the good opening of the paper should not be an issue because these drafts have to be revised later and one can develop a better opening of paper. Writing the first draft of a paper, one should think that no grammar, perfect words or the structure of the writing matters and should only concentrate on presenting ideas only. It is important for writer to remember that the first draft that one writes is only for himself and nobody is going to read it, therefore, they should remain confident and should focus on the fact that the main purpose of the writing is to jot down the ideas. Drafting on Computer After doing the first draft on the computer, one should turn the computer off and again organize the thoughts and ideas on the paper and should think about the possible changes that they can make in the paper. After this task is finished, the writer should edit the first draft in accordance with it, but, should save all the revisions separately, to see later and to get encouragement that how far they have come and improved his writing skill. Multiple drafts should be saved with the name (like assignment 1 version 1, assignment 1 version 2 etc.) so that it becomes easier in future to access them easily and it is also important to highlight the changes that a writer has made in each draft. It becomes a reference for the future ad can assist the writer in improving it, although, before restarting the work, the last revised draft should be read, so that the writer gets the understanding that now which improvements their needs. Writing Rough Draft Before you start writing a rough draft, choose a quiet place where you have all the necessary equipment and material, this can help you in increasing your concentration. The writing seems easier, when we start with the easiest section and become successful in completing it because it can give the confidence that we have the ability to do this task efficiently. A good writing is one that engages maximum number of people and this can be done by using simple words and direct style. Imagining that we are talking to the reader can help the writer to write effectively and while giving instructions, one should visualize them performing in accordance with the instructions, this can help the writer to write instructions more clearly. It is important to keep on writing, until one section is complete because it helps in developing coherence and continuity in the section. Later the finished should be revised to make any possible changes. Keeping your Audience in Mind Writing from the reader’s perspective, keeping in mind the type of audience and using language in accordance with it, the level of understanding of the audience, diversity of audience and perspective of the audience are then important factors. We will discuss one by one, the factors that can help in writing a catering with the audience in an effective manner. Writing From the Audience’s Point of View No matter what the audience is, everyone wants to read the writing from his own perspective. When we write for a targeted audience; whether our colleagues, boss or the international community, we should keep in mind that we are choosing the point of view in accordance with it. If we are writing something for our boss, then we should keep in mind that we are explaining the problem and providing the information to the boss from his perspective. This thing can increase the affectivity of the writing and will assist in registering our point. It is important to know about the background of the reader because this can help to get the idea that which style can help in convincing the reader or providing the information to the reader in an efficient manner. If we have to write a report about a technical; part in manufacturing process and know about the level of expertise of the reader, we can use technical language in accordance with it. Accommodating Multiple Audiences When we write from multiple audiences, everyone has different background and this factor makes it difficult to adjust the writing in accordance with it. Since, audience with multiple background demands that all the people should be kept in mind and the level of the readers should be considered. For example, while writing instruction manual, one should write from the starters’ perspective because there are lot of people out there who might be using that particular equipment for the first time. Moreover, the diagrams can help the reader to grasp the point more easily and can make the writing reader friendly. Writing for international Audience While writing for the wide audience, one should keep in mind that there should not be culture bias and the style of the writing used is acceptable by lost of the people i.e. the writing style should not represent a specific region. Making the language simple and common can help the audience to relate with it and grasp the concept easily. Since there are different dialects of English in different region, then the writer should make his expression as common as possible. Persuading Your Audience If the writer has to persuade a targeted audience like management of the company; regarding flexibility in office hours, increasing bonuses for the staff; then one should enlist the advantages of taking that step and should mention the effects that it should have on the morale of the staff moreover, if the targeted audience is different than it is important to start the writing by initially explaining the benefits regarding the topic under discussion and later, writer should give examples from different fields and lastly the reference of the rules of the business. In precaution process, the mentioning of the rules of the business should be done in most soft manner because mentioning it in direct manner puts negative impression on audience. The ethics requires that the cons of the side that you have chosen should also be mentioned because the reader may not get any difficulty in ignorance and if all the process fails the blame might not fall on you. Establish Your Role and Voice as the Writer While writing, one should decide which role they have to take in order to be read and followed in a better way. It against depends on the type of the audience. The friendly writing style is always effective, but, a task is very critical and has to be done in time then the writer should explain the importance of the task and at the end should take an authoritative tone and order hat it needs o be completed in time. Sometimes, it is more effective if the subject of the writing adopts the authoritative tone and tells about the sensitivity of the situation. In normal circumstance, there is always audience which never reads a document, but, still wants to get that task done; in that situation it is important to give a title that can explain that hoe reading that document can help the audience. Development Strategies The strategies that are used to develop the ideas and the concept at the work place include: Explaining a Process Process of explaining deal with the idea of explaining to the reader working of an equipment, how a event or process took place or how to perform it. All these types demand a lot of concentration of the writer because, when explained in a proper sequence they can make it easier for reader to understand. While explaining the process, understanding the level of the audience is imortant. In the opening of the writing t is better to tell the importance of the process and then give the summary. Later when it is explained in detailed, it should be told how it is relevant or associated to a larger process. For example, if one explains the process of developing air brake system to the worker, then it should e done in detail and it should be mentioned that how much important it is for the working of the truck and how it will ensure safety in driving. This tells the reader about the sensitivity of the task and they try to do their job in a better way. Describing Information Describing the information means telling about the features and the appearance of the concepts and the objects that are to be used during the process. But, the description of the information varies from one field to another. In engineering terms it is important to give the specifications of the equipment in the technical term, to marketing professional it is important to tell about the significance and the usability of the product for the customers, most important features of a good description o that it is always clear and specific and covers all the issues in details. The length of the description may depend on the complexity of the process, but, no matter what the length of the writing is information should be described in a manner that it is understandable to the audience and is complete in all terms. In complex concepts, it is better explain stepwise. Defining Terms and Concepts Process of defining the terms is critical because it can give the actual concept of the term to the people related to your field and that of the other fields. Formal definition of the term, that has technical terms in it, can help the people of the related field to understand it more accurately, for example, torque is the cross product of distance vector and force vector. Informal definition that has both technical and simple forms makes it understandable to the people related to other fields for example torque is the cross product of distance vector (distance from knob to hinges) and force vector (force applied to open the door), whereas, extended definition comprises of multiple sentences to explain multiple concepts of the definition. For example torque is the cross product of distance vector and force vector. It means that if the knob is at the greater distance from the pivot (hinges), then greater torque will be produced and it will be easier to open the door. If the definite ar e assisted with figure, the written material become easier to understand. Explaining Cause and Effect It assists in providing information about why a thing happens and what consequences does it have. For example when we do not maintain our vehicle (cause) accidents might happen (effect) and due to these accidents we can have to bear the loss of finance or the life. it is better to provide evidence of your statement and that evidence should be relevant to the audience, has the power to persuade and can be explained by giving demonstrations. Writing an Opening The opening of the draft is really important to get the attention of the reader. The first sentence should be written in a way that it immediately attract reader to itself. Like on topic accidents due to drunk driving an effective sentence could be, do you know that 10,000 people lost their lives, his year in United States, due to drunk driving. The opening of the writing should have three features in it. Firstly, it should introduce the title effectively, secondly, should give some information about the writing and thirdly should focus the attention of the reader. Writing a Closing The closing of the paper or a draft should consider and should mention all the main points of the paper. No new concept should be introduced in the closing paragraph because it may confuse the reader. It is better to give information like email address at the end of the paper so that the reader may contact you if needed. It gives the impression that writer is responsible.

Killer Angels The Human Factor Essay examples -- essays research paper

Killer Angels Paper The Human Factor in the American Civil War   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Michael Shaara’s fictional novel, The Killer Angels, is based on the Battle of Gettysburg in the American Civil War. The novel allows the reader to recognize the heart and courage of the more than two million men that fought in the war. Shaara focuses the reader to better understand the reason why these men fight and the meaning of the war. Ultimately, the reader observes that the war is fought on an individual level as much as a governmental level. These men are there to fight for what they believe is truly right. The Confederates fought for their rights to hold slaves, their freedom tyranny of the Federal Government, and their independence from the Union. The Federal soldiers fought for the Preservation of the Union, the freedom of black men, and the Constitution’s integrity. In this is book the reader is able to perceive the human element of battle that creates a very unpredictable outcome. Factors of humanity, such as friendships, sense of characte r, conflicts and brotherhood, play an important part in making the war. The friendship between Confederate General Lewis Armistead and Union General Winfield Scott Hancock has an effect on their fighting. Garnett’s sense of honor effects his psychological outlook on the battle and how he is to fight. The Chamberlains are two brothers in the Twentieth Maine of the Union Army. Both men are constantly looking...

Killer Angels The Human Factor Essay examples -- essays research paper

Killer Angels Paper The Human Factor in the American Civil War   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Michael Shaara’s fictional novel, The Killer Angels, is based on the Battle of Gettysburg in the American Civil War. The novel allows the reader to recognize the heart and courage of the more than two million men that fought in the war. Shaara focuses the reader to better understand the reason why these men fight and the meaning of the war. Ultimately, the reader observes that the war is fought on an individual level as much as a governmental level. These men are there to fight for what they believe is truly right. The Confederates fought for their rights to hold slaves, their freedom tyranny of the Federal Government, and their independence from the Union. The Federal soldiers fought for the Preservation of the Union, the freedom of black men, and the Constitution’s integrity. In this is book the reader is able to perceive the human element of battle that creates a very unpredictable outcome. Factors of humanity, such as friendships, sense of characte r, conflicts and brotherhood, play an important part in making the war. The friendship between Confederate General Lewis Armistead and Union General Winfield Scott Hancock has an effect on their fighting. Garnett’s sense of honor effects his psychological outlook on the battle and how he is to fight. The Chamberlains are two brothers in the Twentieth Maine of the Union Army. Both men are constantly looking...

Killer Angels The Human Factor Essay examples -- essays research paper

Killer Angels Paper The Human Factor in the American Civil War   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Michael Shaara’s fictional novel, The Killer Angels, is based on the Battle of Gettysburg in the American Civil War. The novel allows the reader to recognize the heart and courage of the more than two million men that fought in the war. Shaara focuses the reader to better understand the reason why these men fight and the meaning of the war. Ultimately, the reader observes that the war is fought on an individual level as much as a governmental level. These men are there to fight for what they believe is truly right. The Confederates fought for their rights to hold slaves, their freedom tyranny of the Federal Government, and their independence from the Union. The Federal soldiers fought for the Preservation of the Union, the freedom of black men, and the Constitution’s integrity. In this is book the reader is able to perceive the human element of battle that creates a very unpredictable outcome. Factors of humanity, such as friendships, sense of characte r, conflicts and brotherhood, play an important part in making the war. The friendship between Confederate General Lewis Armistead and Union General Winfield Scott Hancock has an effect on their fighting. Garnett’s sense of honor effects his psychological outlook on the battle and how he is to fight. The Chamberlains are two brothers in the Twentieth Maine of the Union Army. Both men are constantly looking...

Is There Still a Place for Recess? Essay

In an era where each passing time is becoming an instrument towards one’s progress, every hour is considered critical. But is this ideal appropriate for children especially those who are still in their first step towards learning? Break time, or recess as it is more commonly known, becomes an increasingly hot topic when it comes to a child’s learning activity and capability. In 1989, the National Association of Elementary School Principals (NAESP) surveyed state superintendents and found that 90% of schools grant their students at least one break period each day (Jarrett, 2002). However, during the same year, in the hopes of lengthening the students’ time for studying, many schools abolished break times. Most schools also reason out their increasing accountability for providing students with effective education pressures them to pack in more instructional time for children and thus, eliminating break times for the day. They also feel that break times have no effect on a children’s learning progress and in fact, can do more harm than good. More people believe that recess heightens unacceptable behaviour in schools. According to the Elton Committee when asked to describe the long lunch break period, recess is â€Å"the single biggest behaviour problem that [staff] face† (Department of Education and Science, 1989, as cited in Blatchford & Sumpner, 1998). Since children becomes more free during break times and are more often unsupervised during these times, most believe that it is during these times that bullying and violence occur. In this day and age where time is considered critical is there still a place for recess? Does recess assist in a child’s learning or does it just pose a problem to a child’s learning progress? This paper presents several recent studies on the said topic to discuss the relationship, and perhaps importance, of recess on a child’s learning progress, social development and health (Jarrett, 2002). The studies selected for this paper’s review are those that present the positive side of having recess at school. Presentation of the studies are in chronological order, that is, from the older studies conducted during 1998 to the more recent studies conducted until [year]. Furthermore, this paper hopes to determine or suggest some policies regarding recess and break times that can actually help in child’s learning capability. STUDIES ON RECESS AND ITS POSITIVE EFFECTS ON STUDENTS Blatchford and Sumpner (1998) conducted â€Å"a national survey examining the current situation and changes over the past 5 years† (Abstract, p. 79) because they think that break times, and its positive effects on children’s learning progress, are taken for granted. Moreover, they conducted the study because they believe that school staff members and parents alike lack the information, even the basic ones, on the characteristics of break times. Their sample included 1245 primary schools and 300 secondary schools. They found that majority of school staff members and parents have a negative view of break time but they seem to not notice the possible social value of break times to students. They also found students (16-year-olds) consider break time a big issue and think that this very issue should be taken seriously and considered throughout school life. In addition to this, students perceive that break times lets them take a break from ‘work’ and provide them with the opportunity to socialize and make friends. This is where the importance of break times comes in. Blatchford and Sumpner (1998) explain that as the students go from the primary to the secondary level of schooling, their social lives becomes more important and more critical. Thus, for the students, break times allow them to be sociable in deeper ways. For Blatchford and Sumpner (1998), this underlying principle should be considered by the school staff members so they can understand the importance of break periods. In 2002, Pellegrini and Blatchford discussed the importance of school recess to children’s development. They found that children become less and less attentive while their class lessons last. However, after they have taken their break time, they surprisingly become more focused on their class work. This is because recess serves as a break and relaxation period for a child’s tiring work of listening to his teacher. Children are more tired in the morning before the break since they have only just woke up and are still adjusting over the time. After the break, their body and mind become more relaxed and thus, they can focus more on their work. Pellegrini and Blatchford (2002) offered two educational theories that can explain why children become more alert after recess. According to one theory, the distribution of work and rest over the day helps in relaxing the mind and body and increasing the cognitive performance of any person regardless of age. Another theory explains that the longer time spent by a person working over one particular demanding decrease the cognitive performance of that person over that particular task. While adults may regain their focus on their work by switching to another less complicated work, children may regain their attention to the task at hand by providing them with break periods so they can have time to adjust. Pellegrini and Blatchford (2002) further contends the same argument as with Blatchford and Sumpner (1998) — that recess aid children in their social development. This particular argument is presented by the succeeding researchers as discussed in this paper. In the same year, Jarrett (2002) reviewed other researches on the effect of recess on children’s learning, social development and health. She also presented some of the negative connotations about recess. Relating recess to learning, Jarrett (2002) argues that since recess is a form of break from one’s daily routine, it becomes essential for children as it aids them to be satisfied and stay alert for the rest of the day. Jarrett also explains, as did Blatchford and Sumpner (1998), that recess becomes a tool for the social interaction of children. She explains that children become more socially active since during this time of the day, children learn to be independent by organizing their own games and deciding on the rules of the games they organize. Recess also becomes a tool for children to have physical activity in school since this is the time where children moves more freely and can decide on their own. Jarrett (2002) emphasizes the importance of break times with regards to physical activity since physical activities can significantly improve children’s health. In connection with Jarrett’s (2002) argument about physical activity during recess, Beighle et al. (2006) examined the physical activity of students during recess and outside of school (Abstract, p. 516) by studying pedometer-determined activities of 319 third-, fourth-, and fifth-grade students attending suburban elementary schools in southwest United States. According to them, it was during these times that children have more choices on which activity they want to participate in. They further contend that it is during these discretionary periods that children gain more â€Å"potential to make a significant contribution to children’s overall activity levels† (p. 516) since they experience these breaks everyday. They found that children engage in physical activity more during their recess period than in any other time of the day including outside of school and classes. Because of this, they suggested that schools should make more equipment available during these times to further encourage the children to engage in physical activities. Riley and Jones (2007) also reviewed some related studies on the positive effects of physical activity during recess. They strongly support Jarrett’s (2002) argument on the impact of recess on children’s social development. According to them, some children may start out as timid and apprehensive in their first days at school. Recess, however, gives them an opportunity to reach out to other children by playing and interacting with them. Moreover, conflicts between peers can be resolved during these times. It is also during these times that children learn what behaviours are expected of them. Adding to assisting in the social development of children, recess can also be an instrument to their language development. Recess provides opportunities for children not just to play with others but also to practice their conversation skills since it is during these times that children engage in conversations more freely with their peers without the fear of being reprimanded by their teachers. Riley and Jones (2007) also support others’ argument that recess can aid in children’s physical development. Kahan (2008), along with the others, supports the idea that physical activity, especially during childhood, helps children in more ways than one. He contends that schools should go beyond what physical education can offer in order to address the increasing reports of physical inactivity among children. According to him, physical educations in most schools are only offered with a cumulative duration of 85 to 98 minutes per week. However, the recommended daily physical activity of children each week should be more than 60 minutes. Moreover, not all schools have physical education in their curriculum. In fact, only 17 to 22 percent offer physical education to their students. Thus, physical education does not significantly contribute to a student’s physical activity. Kahan (2008) recommends that schools should provide children with sufficient break time periods along with other extracurricular activities since these are the times where children engage in more physical activities than in classrooms or physical education classes. According to him, recess contributes to one-third of the recommended 60 minutes of physical activity. Thus, Kahan (2008) purports that break times should not be abolished, but rather should be expanded. CONCLUSION Because of certain misconceptions about recess, more and more schools choose to abolish these periods due to their belief that recess can do more harm than good. Staff members and parents alike believe that inappropriate behaviors such as bullying and violence are mostly done during recess. Moreover, many schools believed that recess only distracts the focus of students from learning and that it only obstructs instructional time thus, posing a threat to their learning progress. However, researches contend that, in contrary to these beliefs, recess actually do more good to students than harm. Studies show that recess aid in children’s social, physical and even language development. During recess, children are freer to choose which types of activities they want to participate in, giving them a sense of independence and teaching them decision-making skills. They learn to organize their own activities during recess without the fear of rejection from their teachers. They also learn to interact with other children by playing with them or conversing with them, thus, increasing their ability to socialize with others. They can either make new friends or resolve conflicts with peers. Children’s language development is also aided by recess. Children do not just learn to interact with others; they also practice their conversation skills by talking or discussing with their friends no matter whatever their topic is. Thus, recess also contributes to children’s academic achievement. Moreover, recess acts as a cognitive interference for children so that they can regain their focus on their class work. Adding to the fact that it is during this time that children eat, recess also provides children to have more physical activities since this is the time where they can move and play free without fear of being reprimanded by their teachers. These physical activities which range from moderately vigorous to vigorous activities help children in becoming physical fit. All in all, it is safe to say that recess have more positive than negative effects. Thus, it is advised that such periods where children can develop in more ways than should not be abolished. REFERENCES Beighle, A. , Morgan, C. F. , Masurier, G. L. , & Pangrazi, R. P. (2006). Children’s physical activity during recess and outside of school. The Journal of School Health, 76(10), 516-520. Blatchford, P. , & Sumpner, C. (1998). What do we know about breaktime? Results from a national survey of breaktime and lunchtime in primary and secondary schools. British Educational Research Journal, 24(1), 79-94. Jarrett, O. S. (2002). Recess in elementary school: What does the research say? ERIC Digest. Kahan, D. (2008). Recess, extracurricular activities, and active classrooms: Means for increasing elementary school students’ physical activity. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance, 79(2), 26-39. Pellegrini, A. , & Blatchford, P. (2002). The developmental and educational significance of recess in schools. Early Report, 29(1), 1-7. Riley, J. G. , & Jones, R. B. (2007). When girls and boys play: What research tells us. Childhood Education, 84(1), 38-43.